A nurse is assessing a client's readiness to learn about insulin self-administration. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client is ready to learn?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it shows the client is willing to involve their partner in the learning process, indicating readiness for education. Involving a partner can enhance support and understanding, leading to better adherence. A: Time preference does not directly relate to readiness to learn about insulin. B: Difficulty reading instructions due to glasses is a practical issue, not an indicator of readiness. C: Expressing doubt or questioning the necessity of learning indicates potential resistance or lack of motivation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Expertise. Professionalism is often associated with possessing a high level of expertise or specialized knowledge in a particular field. This expertise allows professionals to perform their duties effectively and competently. Early definitions of professionalism emphasized the importance of possessing the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in one's profession. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while empathy, ethical and moral values, and honesty are important characteristics of professionalism, they are not the defining factors. Empathy, ethics, and honesty are crucial components of professional behavior, but without expertise, a professional may not be able to effectively fulfill their responsibilities in their chosen field.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because many nurses felt frustrated with the lack of independent functioning after the Vietnam War. This is a significant challenge as nurses were accustomed to a high level of autonomy in field hospitals during wartime but faced restrictions in civilian healthcare settings. This led to dissatisfaction and a sense of limitation in their professional roles. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: Nursing contributing to the stigma of AIDS in the 1980s out of fear is not a challenge that the profession faced but rather a societal issue related to lack of knowledge and fear of the disease. B: Nursing practice flourishing in field hospitals during the Korean War with abundant supplies and equipment is not a challenge but a positive aspect of nursing history. D: A decline in the number of hospice nurses due to ethical dilemmas is a specific problem related to hospice care and not a widespread challenge faced by the entire profession of nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because nursing ethics primarily concern the ethical principles, duties, and rules of behavior that guide professional nurses in their practice. This includes aspects such as patient confidentiality, informed consent, and beneficence. A is incorrect because nursing ethics are not limited to the organizational level but extend to individual actions within the profession. C is incorrect as while moral character is important, nursing ethics are more about professional responsibilities and conduct. D is incorrect because while the experiences and needs of nurses are important, nursing ethics are primarily about how nurses interact with patients, families, and colleagues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because ethical principles can indeed serve as the foundation for laws. Laws often reflect societal ethical values and principles. Ethical principles provide a moral framework that lawmakers may use to create laws that promote justice and fairness. By basing laws on ethical principles, societies aim to uphold shared values and promote good conduct. In contrast, A is incorrect as the government enforces laws, not ethics. B is incorrect because laws are legal rules, not ethical principles. C is incorrect as ethics are principles of right and wrong, not necessarily highly detailed.