A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing occasional feelings of sadness because of the recent death of a beloved pet. The clients appetite, sleep patterns, and daily routine have not changed. How should the nurse interpret the clients behaviors?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The nurse should interpret the client's behaviors as demonstrating no functional impairment, indicating no mental illness. The client is experiencing occasional feelings of sadness, which can be considered a normal reaction to the recent death of a beloved pet. The fact that the client's appetite, sleep patterns, and daily routine have not changed suggests that the client is still able to function effectively in their daily life. It is important for the nurse to assess the situation holistically and consider the context of the client's grief before jumping to conclusions about mental illness.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the DSM-5, somatic symptom disorders are identified as psychoneurotic responses to severe anxiety. These disorders involve physical symptoms that are either very distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life. Examples of somatic symptom disorders include somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, and conversion disorder. Grief responses, psychosis, and bipolar disorder are not specifically categorized as psychoneurotic responses in the DSM-5.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most accurate statement about individuals experiencing psychoses is that they are not based in reality. Psychoses involve a severe mental disorder where the person may have difficulty distinguishing what is real and what is not. This can manifest as hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized thinking. Individuals experiencing psychoses often have a distorted perception of reality, which can lead to behaviors and beliefs that are not grounded in the actual world. It is important to recognize and address these symptoms in order to provide appropriate care and support for individuals with psychoses.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The example provided in option A represents the ego defense mechanism of regression. In this scenario, the adult reverting to throwing a temper tantrum when not getting his way is exhibiting a behavior typically associated with children, hence regressing to a more immature response. Regression involves reverting to an earlier stage of development under stress, which can manifest as behavior more typical of a younger age group. In this case, the individual resorts to a tantrum similar to that of a child, showcasing regression as a defense mechanism to cope with the situation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Most cultures label behavior as mental illness based on the criteria of incomprehensibility and cultural relativity. Incomprehensibility refers to behaviors that are difficult to understand or explain within the societal or cultural context in which they occur. Cultural relativity means that what is considered normal or acceptable behavior can vary across different cultures. Therefore, behavior that deviates significantly from the cultural norms of a society may be labeled as a mental illness. This understanding emphasizes the importance of considering cultural factors when identifying and defining mental disorders.