ATI RN
Introduction to Professional Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has suffered a nasal fracture. Which assessment would the nurse perform first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Airway patency. Assessing airway patency is the priority in a client with a nasal fracture to ensure adequate oxygenation. If the airway is compromised, it poses a life-threatening risk and requires immediate intervention. Ensuring airway patency takes precedence over assessing facial pain, vital signs, or bone displacement, as these can be addressed once the airway is secured. Assessing vital signs may be important, but airway patency is the most critical initial assessment in this situation. Bone displacement and facial pain assessments are important but secondary to ensuring the client's ability to breathe effectively.
Question 2 of 5
Which finding for a patient with mitral valve stenosis would be of most concern to the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Shortness of breath on exertion. In mitral valve stenosis, the narrowing of the valve obstructs blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, leading to increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary congestion. Shortness of breath on exertion indicates worsening heart failure and pulmonary congestion, which are critical in mitral valve stenosis. The other options are not directly associated with mitral valve stenosis. A diastolic murmur is a common finding in mitral valve stenosis but may not necessarily indicate worsening condition. Peripheral edema is more commonly seen in right-sided heart failure, and right upper quadrant tenderness is not typically associated with mitral valve stenosis.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a 64-year-old patient with coronary artery disease (CAD). Which factor should the nurse focus on during the teaching session?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level) because it directly correlates with the patient's CAD condition. Elevated LDL cholesterol is a major risk factor for developing CAD. By focusing on lowering the LDL level through lifestyle changes and medication, the nurse can effectively manage and prevent further progression of the disease. A (Family history of coronary artery disease) while important, is a non-modifiable risk factor and may not be as impactful in the teaching plan as addressing the patient's current elevated LDL level. C (Greater risk associated with the patient's gender) is not as relevant in this case because the patient's specific risk factors should be the main focus rather than general gender-related risks. D (Increased risk of cardiovascular disease with aging) is a common risk factor, but in this case, addressing the patient's elevated LDL level would be more specific and beneficial for managing CAD.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is reviewing drug therapy for hypertension. According to the JNC-8 guidelines, antihypertensive drug therapy for a newly diagnosed hypertensive African-American patient would most likely include which drug or drug classes?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Calcium channel blockers with thiazide diuretics. According to JNC-8 guidelines, for African-American patients with hypertension, the preferred initial drug therapy includes calcium channel blockers and thiazide diuretics due to their effectiveness in this population. Calcium channel blockers are particularly beneficial in African-Americans, and thiazide diuretics help to address volume overload. Vasodilators alone (A) are not typically recommended as initial therapy. ACE inhibitors (B) are not the first-line choice for African-American patients. Beta blockers (D) are not the preferred initial therapy for this population based on JNC-8 guidelines.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse reviews the laboratory results of a client who is receiving intravenous insulin. Which would alert the nurse to intervene immediately?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Serum potassium level of 2.5 mEq/L (2.5 mmol/L). A low potassium level (hypokalemia) can be life-threatening, especially in a client receiving intravenous insulin, as insulin promotes cellular uptake of potassium, leading to hypokalemia. Symptoms of hypokalemia include muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and respiratory failure. Therefore, the nurse must intervene immediately by administering potassium supplements or adjusting the insulin dose. Summary: A: Serum chloride level - normal range, not directly related to insulin therapy. B: Serum calcium level - normal range, not directly related to insulin therapy. C: Serum sodium level - normal range, not directly related to insulin therapy.