ATI RN
Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as the priority?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Hematemesis. This is the priority finding because it indicates upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which can be life-threatening. The nurse should address this immediately to prevent further complications. Epigastric discomfort (A) and dyspepsia (B) are common symptoms of peptic ulcer disease but do not indicate active bleeding. Constipation (C) is not directly related to peptic ulcer disease and does not pose an immediate threat to the client's health.
Question 2 of 5
While a female client is being prepared for discharge, the nasogastric (NG) feeding tube becomes clogged. To remedy this problem and teach the client's family how to deal with it at home, what should the nurse do?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Irrigate the tube with warm water. This is the correct action because irrigating the NG tube with warm water can help dislodge the clog and clear the obstruction. Here is a step-by-step rationale: 1. Gather necessary supplies: warm water, syringe, and towel. 2. Disconnect the tube from the feeding pump. 3. Draw up warm water into the syringe. 4. Gently insert the syringe into the tube and slowly push the warm water to flush out the clog. 5. Repeat the process as needed until the tube is clear. Other choices are incorrect: B: Advancing the tube into the intestine can be dangerous and should not be done without proper medical supervision. C: Applying intermittent suction may not effectively clear the clog and could potentially worsen the situation. D: Using a 30-ml syringe to withdraw the obstruction may not be as effective as irrigating with warm water.
Question 3 of 5
Organs that lie outside the abdominal cavity such as the duodenum, pancreas, urinary bladder and rectum are
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: retroperitoneal. Organs like the duodenum, pancreas, urinary bladder, and rectum are considered retroperitoneal because they lie behind the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal cavity. They are not completely covered by visceral peritoneum (B) as they are not suspended in the abdominal cavity. They are not covered by parietal peritoneum (A) as this layer lines the abdominal wall. While these organs are covered with serous membranes (D), the defining characteristic is their location behind the peritoneum, making option C the most accurate choice.
Question 4 of 5
Mumps is inflammation of the ______ salivary gland caused by a virus.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: parotid. Mumps is inflammation of the parotid salivary gland. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland located near the ear. It is commonly affected by the mumps virus, causing swelling and pain. Rationale: 1. The parotid gland is the main salivary gland affected by the mumps virus. 2. The other choices, buccal, sublingual, and submandibular glands, are not typically associated with mumps. 3. Understanding the anatomical location and function of the salivary glands helps in identifying the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
The hydrogen ions that form hydrochloric acid of the stomach come from
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: carbonic acid. Carbonic acid is produced when carbon dioxide reacts with water in the stomach, forming hydrogen ions that combine with chloride ions to create hydrochloric acid. Lactic acid (A), citric acid (C), and acetic acid (D) do not directly contribute to the formation of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Therefore, they are incorrect choices for this question.