Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Placental abruption is the separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before delivery. This condition is a significant risk factor for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) because the sudden detachment can lead to massive internal bleeding. The release of large amounts of tissue factor from the placenta into the maternal circulation triggers widespread activation of the coagulation cascade, leading to the consumption of clotting factors and platelets. This uncontrolled activation of the clotting system can result in both excessive clot formation and bleeding, characteristic of DIC. Gestational diabetes, polyhydramnios, and placenta previa are not direct risk factors for DIC.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse would question the order for a D-dimer test in this case. A D-dimer test is a blood test used to help rule out or diagnose blood clots. However, in a child with a fractured femur complaining of sudden chest pain and difficulty breathing, the symptoms suggest the possibility of a pulmonary embolism (PE). In this scenario, a D-dimer test may not be necessary because the clinical presentation warrants more advanced imaging studies such as V/Q scans, CT pulmonary angiography, or MR pulmonary angiography to definitively diagnose or rule out a PE. Therefore, the focus should be on imaging studies rather than a D-dimer test in this situation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct response is D, “A uric acid test is done to see if your gout medication is effective.” Uric acid is a waste product formed from the breakdown of purines, substances found in certain foods and also produced by the body. In conditions like gout, there is an abnormal accumulation of uric acid in the blood, leading to the formation of urate crystals in the joints, causing pain and inflammation. Monitoring uric acid levels helps in assessing the effectiveness of gout medications in lowering uric acid levels and preventing gout attacks. This test is essential for patients with gout to ensure that their treatment is working effectively and to prevent complications related to high uric acid levels like kidney stones and kidney damage.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Direct observation of behavior is the best way for the nurse to evaluate whether the client is able to set up and administer a nebulizer treatment. By directly observing the client, the nurse can assess the client's understanding and ability in performing the necessary steps correctly and safely. This approach allows for real-time evaluation and correction if needed, ensuring that the client can effectively manage their nebulizer treatment at home. Written or oral descriptions may not accurately reflect the client's actual competency in performing the task, and relying on the client's self-report during a follow-up appointment may not provide a complete picture of their ability.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems, most often the liver and kidneys. Placental dysfunction is believed to be the main cause of preeclampsia. In a normal pregnancy, blood vessels in the placenta develop to supply the fetus with nutrients and oxygen. In preeclampsia, these blood vessels don't develop or function properly, leading to inadequate blood flow and reduced supply of nutrients to the placenta. This can result in high blood pressure and affect the function of other organs.