A nurse is assessing a child with an infection and elevated white blood cell count. Which of the following interventions should be implemented first?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, when assessing a child with an infection and elevated white blood cell count, administering antibiotics as prescribed should be implemented first. This is because prompt initiation of antibiotics is crucial in treating bacterial infections and preventing complications. By starting antibiotics early, the nurse can help stop the progression of the infection and improve the child's outcomes. Providing adequate fluid intake, while important, is not the priority in this situation. Assessing for other signs of systemic infection is also important but should not delay the administration of antibiotics. Monitoring vital signs frequently is essential but does not address the underlying cause of the infection. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to understand the principles of prioritization in pediatric care. This includes recognizing the urgency of interventions based on the child's condition and the potential impact on their health outcomes. By prioritizing the administration of antibiotics in this scenario, nurses demonstrate their ability to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients with infections.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Blood glucose levels. Monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial for a child with type 1 diabetes because it helps in managing their condition effectively. Fluctuations in blood sugar levels can lead to serious complications like hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, which can be life-threatening if not managed properly. By monitoring blood glucose levels regularly, parents and healthcare providers can adjust insulin doses, plan meals, and make necessary lifestyle changes to keep the child's blood sugar within a safe range. Option B) Body temperature is not directly related to managing type 1 diabetes. While fever can impact blood glucose levels, monitoring body temperature alone is not as critical as monitoring blood glucose levels for a child with diabetes. Option C) Urine output is important in assessing kidney function and hydration status but is not the primary parameter to monitor in a child with type 1 diabetes. Blood glucose levels have a more direct impact on diabetes management. Option D) Heart rate is not typically a parameter that needs to be monitored routinely in the management of type 1 diabetes in children. While exercise and physical activity are important for overall health, monitoring heart rate is not as essential as monitoring blood glucose levels in this context. Educationally, it's important to highlight to parents of children with type 1 diabetes the significance of regular blood glucose monitoring as a cornerstone of managing their child's condition. Teaching them how to perform blood glucose checks, interpret results, and take appropriate actions based on those results is crucial for the child's well-being and quality of life. Regular education and reinforcement of monitoring practices can empower parents to confidently manage their child's diabetes and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the case of a child with severe itching related to chickenpox, the most appropriate comfort intervention is to give an antipruritic medication such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), which helps to relieve itching and discomfort. Benadryl is an antihistamine that can help alleviate itching, allowing the child to rest and recover more comfortably. Encouraging frequent warm baths (Option A) may provide temporary relief, but it does not address the underlying cause of itching like an antipruritic medication would. Applying antibiotic ointment to all lesions (Option B) is not indicated for itching relief associated with chickenpox. Giving aspirin or acetaminophen (Tylenol) (Option C) may help with fever or discomfort but does not target the itching specifically. In an educational context, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to understand the appropriate interventions for common childhood conditions like chickenpox. By knowing the most effective comfort measures, nurses can provide optimal care to pediatric patients and help alleviate their symptoms, promoting a quicker recovery and improved quality of life for the child and their family.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In Pediatric Nursing, understanding the development of the respiratory system is crucial. The lung bud emerges from the pharynx during early embryonic development. This process is known as respiratory diverticulum formation and is a critical stage in the development of the respiratory system. Option A, the pharynx, is the correct answer because it is the site from which the lung bud arises. The pharynx is a key structure that gives rise to various components of the respiratory and digestive systems. Option B, the foregut, is involved in the development of the respiratory system but is not the specific origin of the lung bud. Option C, the mesenchyme, is a type of connective tissue that provides support to developing organs but is not the structure from which the lung bud emerges. Option D, the tubular epithelium, is not the correct answer as it does not give rise to the lung bud during embryonic development. Understanding the origin of the lung bud from the pharynx provides insight into the intricate process of respiratory system development in pediatric patients. This knowledge is essential for nurses caring for pediatric patients with respiratory conditions and helps in providing comprehensive and effective care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of a pregnant woman with pregestational diabetes, the therapist should be aware of the risk factor of microcephaly at the time of delivery. Microcephaly is a condition where the baby's head is smaller than expected, which can result from uncontrolled maternal diabetes affecting fetal growth and development. It is crucial for the therapist to monitor for this complication as it can have significant implications for the baby's neurological development and long-term health. Option A, unexplained abruption placenta, is not directly associated with pregestational diabetes but can occur in pregnancies with diabetes due to vascular complications. Option B, oligohydramnios, is more commonly linked to gestational diabetes rather than pregestational diabetes. Option D, fetal malformations, can be a risk factor in pregnancies with uncontrolled diabetes, but microcephaly specifically correlates with pregestational diabetes. Educationally, understanding the specific risks associated with pregestational diabetes in pregnancy is crucial for healthcare providers involved in the care of these patients. By recognizing and monitoring for potential complications like microcephaly, therapists can contribute to better outcomes for both the mother and the baby. It highlights the importance of multidisciplinary care and close monitoring in high-risk pregnancies to prevent and manage complications effectively.