A nurse is assessing a child with a history of eczema. The nurse should recognize that which of the following is a common trigger for eczema flare-ups?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Cold, dry air. Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that often flares up in response to environmental triggers. Cold, dry air can lead to skin dryness and irritation, exacerbating eczema symptoms. This trigger is particularly common in the winter months when humidity levels drop and indoor heating systems further deplete moisture in the air. Option A) Stress can exacerbate eczema symptoms in some individuals, but it is not as universally common as exposure to cold, dry air. Option C) Increased physical activity, while it may lead to sweating and potential skin irritation, is not a direct trigger for eczema flare-ups unless the activity involves exposure to other triggers like allergens or irritants. Option D) Consuming dairy products can be a trigger for some individuals with eczema, especially if they have a dairy allergy or sensitivity. However, it is not as universally common as exposure to cold, dry air, which affects a broader population of individuals with eczema. In an educational context, understanding common triggers for eczema flare-ups is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with this condition. By recognizing environmental factors like cold, dry air as triggers, nurses can educate families on strategies to manage and prevent flare-ups, such as using humidifiers, applying moisturizers regularly, and dressing children in breathable fabrics. This knowledge empowers nurses to provide holistic care and support to children with eczema and their families.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Encourage fluid intake and regular urination. Rationale: Encouraging fluid intake and regular urination helps prevent UTIs in children by diluting urine and flushing out bacteria from the urinary tract. By staying well-hydrated, the child can maintain proper urinary function, reducing the risk of infection. Option A, encouraging the child to hold urine until the bladder feels full, is incorrect as holding urine for extended periods can increase the risk of UTIs by allowing bacteria to multiply in the bladder. Option B, instructing the child to wipe from back to front after using the toilet, is incorrect as wiping from back to front can introduce bacteria from the anal region to the urethra, increasing the risk of UTIs. Option D, instructing the child to avoid cranberry juice, is incorrect as cranberry juice is actually beneficial in preventing UTIs due to its ability to inhibit bacterial adherence to the urinary tract. Educational Context: In pediatric nursing, preventing UTIs is crucial as they can lead to serious complications. Educating children and their caregivers about proper hydration, regular urination, and good hygiene practices is essential in reducing the incidence of UTIs. Encouraging healthy habits early on can have a significant impact on a child's overall well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of a child with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the priority nursing intervention is providing supplemental oxygen (Option B). ARDS is a severe condition characterized by rapid onset of respiratory failure, requiring immediate and effective oxygenation support. Oxygen therapy helps improve oxygenation levels and reduce the work of breathing, crucial in managing ARDS and preventing further complications like hypoxemia and organ dysfunction. Administering pain medications (Option A) is important for comfort, but it is not the priority when a child is struggling to breathe. Monitoring for signs of infection (Option C) is essential in ARDS due to the risk of secondary infections, but ensuring adequate oxygenation takes precedence. Encouraging deep breathing and coughing (Option D) may be beneficial in other respiratory conditions, but in ARDS, the focus is on oxygenation support rather than potentially increasing respiratory effort. In an educational context, understanding the priority interventions in pediatric respiratory distress scenarios like ARDS is crucial for nurses to provide timely and effective care. This knowledge ensures that nurses can prioritize interventions based on the critical needs of the child, thereby improving outcomes and potentially saving lives.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric diabetes management, the child's insulin regimen is based on their blood glucose levels and carbohydrate intake (Option B). This is because insulin dosing needs to be tailored to match the amount of carbohydrates consumed to maintain stable blood glucose levels. Educating parents on this aspect is crucial as it empowers them to support their child's health by understanding how insulin works in relation to their diet. Option A is incorrect because although diet and exercise are important factors in diabetes management, insulin dosing is primarily based on blood glucose levels and carbohydrate intake. Option C, the child's age and weight, is not the primary determinant of insulin dosing, although these factors can influence insulin requirements to some extent. Option D, the child's insulin resistance, is also not the primary factor considered when determining the insulin regimen for a child with type 1 diabetes. Providing this educational context helps parents understand the rationale behind the insulin regimen, enabling them to actively participate in their child's diabetes care and make informed decisions regarding their child's health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric respiratory distress related to a history of anaphylaxis due to peanut allergy, the correct answer is B) An epinephrine auto-injector. This is because anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can rapidly progress, leading to respiratory distress, among other symptoms. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis as it acts quickly to reverse the allergic response, including respiratory compromise. Therefore, having an epinephrine auto-injector readily available is crucial in managing anaphylaxis effectively and promptly. Antihistamines (Option A) are used to treat mild allergic reactions but are not sufficient for the treatment of anaphylaxis, especially when respiratory distress is involved. Corticosteroids (Option C) may be used as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of anaphylaxis, but they are not the primary intervention for acute respiratory distress in this context. Oral antihistamine medication (Option D) is not appropriate for the management of acute anaphylaxis, especially when respiratory distress is a concern. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses and healthcare providers to educate parents of children with known severe allergies, like peanut allergy, about the importance of having an epinephrine auto-injector available at all times. Teaching parents how to recognize the signs of anaphylaxis and when to administer epinephrine can be life-saving for their child in the event of an allergic reaction. Timely administration of epinephrine is crucial in preventing the progression of symptoms, including respiratory distress, and improving outcomes for children with severe allergies.