A nurse is advocating for policies that create walkable communities, green spaces, and healthier food environments. Which level of prevention does this target?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of disease or injury before it occurs by promoting health and wellness. Advocating for policies that create walkable communities, green spaces, and healthier food environments aligns with primary prevention as it focuses on addressing the root causes of health issues and promoting overall well-being. Secondary prevention (B) involves early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of a disease. Tertiary prevention (C) aims to reduce the impact of an already established disease or injury. Quaternary prevention (D) focuses on mitigating the consequences of unnecessary or excessive intervention in healthcare.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it exemplifies the Health in All Policies approach by promoting health considerations in decision-making across different sectors. By lobbying for sidewalks and bike paths, the nurse is advocating for policies that prioritize public health by promoting physical activity and safety. This approach addresses the social determinants of health and benefits the community as a whole. Choices A, B, and C focus on specific health services or programs, which are important but do not demonstrate the comprehensive and integrated approach of Health in All Policies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because clients with a history of opioid use disorder and lack of insurance are at high risk for having symptoms related to both mental illness and substance use disorders. The nurse should recognize this and provide holistic care addressing both physical and mental health needs. This approach acknowledges the complex interplay between mental health and substance use, leading to more effective and comprehensive care. Choice A is incorrect because treating these clients the same as others may overlook their unique needs and risks. Choice C is incorrect as it neglects the mental health aspect of care, which is crucial for clients with substance use disorders. Choice D is incorrect as discouraging harm reduction approaches can hinder the clients' progress in managing their opioid use disorder.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Abused women often present with vague or nonspecific complaints (e.g., headaches, fatigue) rather than directly reporting abuse, due to fear or shame. The other statements are incorrect: abuse is often recurrent, prevalence is higher than 2%, and alcohol is a risk factor but not the majority cause.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The U.S. Standard Report of Fetal Death requires cause of death, fetal weight, and prenatal care details, but autopsy results are not mandatory as autopsies are not always performed.