A nurse is admitting a toddler to the hospital. The toddler is with both parents and is currently sitting comfortably on a parent's lap. The parents state they will need to leave for a brief period. Which type of nursing diagnosis should the nurse formulate for this child?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The appropriate nursing diagnosis for the toddler in this scenario would be "Risk for anxiety." The child is currently comfortable sitting on a parent's lap but may experience increased anxiety when the parents leave for a brief period. Since the parents' departure has not yet occurred and the child's reaction is uncertain, it is more appropriate to identify the potential risk of anxiety rather than stating the child is already experiencing anxiety. This diagnosis focuses on the potential for a negative emotion, providing an opportunity for nursing interventions to prevent or reduce anxiety in the child's upcoming situation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Smokeless tobacco refers to tobacco products that can be used without being smoked. These products usually come in the form of snuff, chewing tobacco, or dissolvable tobacco products. While smokeless tobacco does not involve the inhalation of smoke, it is still proven to be carcinogenic. The most significant health risk associated with smokeless tobacco is the potential to develop various types of cancer, including oral, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer. Therefore, it is crucial to understand that using smokeless tobacco is not a safe alternative to cigarette smoking, as it still poses serious health risks.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Option B is descriptive of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Manifestations of ADHD can significantly impact the child's life, but are most noticeable in the classroom setting. Children with ADHD may struggle with paying attention, staying organized, controlling impulsive behavior, and following instructions in the school environment. While symptoms can also affect other areas of life, such as social interactions and familial relationships, they are typically most prominently displayed in the structured school setting, making it easier to recognize and diagnose the disorder.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renal ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the kidneys and surrounding structures. Unlike computed tomography (CT) scans (Choice A) or intravenous pyelograms (Choice C) which may involve exposure to radiation or contrast medium, renal ultrasounds do not expose the patient to radiation or radioactive isotopes, making it a safe option for imaging the renal system. Ultrasounds are commonly used to assess kidney size, detect kidney stones, evaluate blood flow to the kidneys, and diagnose various renal conditions, such as hydronephrosis or renal cysts.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acute renal failure is characterized by a sudden decrease in kidney function, resulting in the reduced ability to excrete waste products and maintain fluid balance. The primary clinical manifestations typically seen in acute renal failure include oliguria (low urine output) due to decreased kidney function, and hypertension (high blood pressure) as the body retains excess fluid and waste products. These symptoms indicate impaired kidney function and the need for immediate medical intervention to prevent further complications. Hematuria, proteinuria, muscle cramps, bacteriuria, and facial edema are not typically primary clinical manifestations of acute renal failure.