A nurse is administering an uterotonic medication to a birthing person who has just delivered the placenta. Which uterotonic medication is commonly used to prevent postpartum hemorrhage and promote uterine contractions?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: oxytocin (Pitocin). Oxytocin is commonly used postpartum to prevent hemorrhage and promote uterine contractions due to its ability to stimulate uterine muscle contractions. Oxytocin plays a crucial role in the physiological process of labor and delivery by helping the uterus contract and reduce bleeding. Fentanyl (B), epinephrine (C), and lorazepam (D) are not uterotonic medications and do not have the same effects on the uterus as oxytocin. Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic, epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor, and lorazepam is a sedative, none of which are indicated for preventing postpartum hemorrhage or promoting uterine contractions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the primary purpose of performing a vaginal examination during labor is to assess fetal well-being and progress of labor. By conducting a vaginal exam, healthcare providers can monitor the fetal heart rate, position, and stage of labor. This information helps determine if the labor is progressing normally and if any interventions are needed. Choice A is incorrect because cervical dilation and effacement can be assessed but are not the primary purpose. Choice C is incorrect as fetal distress is typically identified through other methods such as continuous fetal monitoring. Choice D is incorrect as assessing fetal descent and station can be done through vaginal examination but is not the primary purpose.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: bradycardia. Fetal distress is often indicated by a decreased fetal heart rate (bradycardia), which can be a sign of inadequate oxygenation. Bradycardia is a serious concern in labor and requires immediate intervention. Tachycardia (B) is an increased heart rate, which can indicate fetal distress but is not as specific as bradycardia. Late decelerations (C) are associated with uteroplacental insufficiency, not necessarily fetal distress. Variable decelerations (D) are often related to cord compression and can be a sign of fetal distress, but bradycardia is a more direct indicator.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: administer uterotonics. Uterotonics help to contract the uterus, which can help stop the bleeding in postpartum hemorrhage. This is the initial step in managing postpartum hemorrhage to address the primary cause of excessive bleeding. Administering IV fluids (B) can support circulation but does not address the underlying issue. Performing manual removal of the placenta (C) is invasive and not the first-line treatment for postpartum hemorrhage. Monitoring vital signs (D) is important but should not delay the immediate intervention of administering uterotonics.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: encourage skin-to-skin contact. Skin-to-skin contact in the early postpartum period promotes bonding, regulates the baby's body temperature, and encourages successful breastfeeding by stimulating the baby's natural feeding instincts. It also helps in establishing a strong emotional connection between the parent and the newborn. Encouraging frequent feeding (choice A) is important, but skin-to-skin contact is crucial for successful breastfeeding initiation. Supporting the baby's latch (choice C) is essential, but skin-to-skin contact precedes and aids in achieving a proper latch. While supporting early initiation of breastfeeding (choice D) is beneficial, skin-to-skin contact enhances the initiation process and overall breastfeeding success.