A nurse instructor explains the concept of health to her students. Which of the following statements accurately describes this state of being?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Health is defined as a state of optimal physical, mental, and social functioning, not just the absence of illness.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bed board. A bed board provides firm support for the mattress, which is crucial for patients with spinal problems to maintain proper alignment and reduce pressure on the spine. It helps distribute weight evenly and prevents sagging. A: Back rest provides support for sitting up but does not offer the same level of firm support for the spine as a bed board. B: Bed table is not directly related to spinal support and does not address the patient's specific needs. C: Bed block is used to raise the height of the bed and is not designed to provide spinal support.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Appraisal of the situation. In the second phase of the critical thinking process, it is essential to evaluate and assess all relevant information and perspectives regarding the issue at hand. This helps in understanding the complexity of the situation, identifying biases or assumptions, and determining the credibility of sources. By appraising the situation, one can make informed decisions based on logical reasoning and evidence. Summary: A: Exploration of the issue - This is typically done in the initial phase of critical thinking where the problem or question is identified. B: Induction of an event - Induction involves making generalizations based on specific observations and is not specifically related to the second phase of critical thinking. D: Integration of decision - This is a later stage where decisions are synthesized based on the appraisal of the situation, making it an incorrect choice for the second phase.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - Flat on back. After spinal anesthesia, the nurse should position the client flat on their back to prevent complications such as hypotension and improve blood flow to the brain. This position also helps distribute the anesthetic evenly and reduces the risk of nerve damage. Choice A is incorrect because positioning the client on the side does not necessarily prevent airway obstruction by the tongue, and it can increase the risk of hypotension. Choice C is incorrect as flexing the knees can impede blood flow and does not provide optimal distribution of the anesthetic. Choice D is incorrect as lying flat on the stomach can increase the risk of respiratory issues and hinder monitoring of the client.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increase their activity level. Regular physical activity helps improve cardiovascular health, reduce cholesterol levels, and lower blood pressure, thus decreasing the risk of atherosclerosis. It also helps in maintaining a healthy weight and improving overall well-being. Avoiding focusing on weight (choice A) is not advisable as excess weight is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Following a regular diet (choice C) is important but alone may not be sufficient without physical activity. Continuing a high-stress lifestyle (choice D) can worsen atherosclerosis risk due to increased cortisol levels and other negative impacts on cardiovascular health.