A nurse in the Canadian healthcare system is concerned because a client has been denied a surgical procedure that the nurse believes is essential to the client's recovery. Who should the nurse expect will have the most power to reverse this decision?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Physicians. In the Canadian healthcare system, physicians are typically the primary decision-makers when it comes to medical procedures and treatment plans. They have the authority to order surgical procedures and can advocate for their patients based on medical necessity. Nurse practitioners, although highly skilled, do not have the same level of authority as physicians in making decisions regarding surgical procedures. Private insurance companies are not typically involved in the decision-making process for medical procedures in the Canadian public healthcare system. Health administrators may have some influence, but ultimately, physicians have the medical expertise and authority to reverse the decision regarding the surgical procedure in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Involving Cuban immigrants in the center's advisory ensures their unique perspectives and needs are considered. Step 2: Direct input from the community helps tailor services to cultural beliefs and preferences. Step 3: This approach promotes trust, engagement, and better health outcomes within the immigrant population. Step 4: It enhances cultural sensitivity and understanding among staff members. Step 5: Overall, inviting Cuban immigrants to serve on the center's advisory is the most effective way to implement evidence-based practice and improve the quality of care provided to the community.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because sending staff to conferences related to EBP will enhance their knowledge and skills in implementing evidence-based practices. Attending conferences allows staff to learn about the latest research, best practices, and network with experts in the field. This will help create a culture that values EBP and empower staff to integrate it into their practice. A: Conducting market research is not directly related to creating a work environment conducive to EBP. B: Eliciting opinions from nurses is important but may not be the most effective way to promote EBP implementation. C: Purchasing computers and Internet access is helpful but does not specifically address the need for staff education and training on EBP.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, a systematic review related to the clinical problem. Systematic reviews provide a comprehensive summary of existing research on a specific topic, including clinical problems. They critically analyze multiple studies to draw evidence-based conclusions. This is more helpful than the other options because it synthesizes a wide range of research, offering a higher level of evidence. Option A, a journal issue, may have relevant articles but lacks the comprehensive analysis of a systematic review. Option B, a clinical trial, provides specific data but not a broad overview. Option C, a researcher, can offer insights but may not cover the breadth of research as a systematic review.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) requires the nurse to show clients that EBP will improve their health outcomes. This is crucial as clients may be resistant to change or may not understand the benefits of EBP compared to traditional practices. By involving clients in the decision-making process and demonstrating how EBP leads to better health outcomes, the nurse can increase acceptance and adherence to evidence-based care. Assessing current practice, convincing administration, and distinguishing EBP from old standards are important steps in implementing EBP, but ultimately, the success of EBP relies on client engagement and understanding of its benefits.