A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who has been taking warfarin and is experiencing rectal bleeding. Which of the following drugs should the nurse expect to administer to the client?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Vitamin K. Warfarin is an anticoagulant that inhibits Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, leading to bleeding. Administering Vitamin K helps replenish these factors, aiding in clot formation and stopping the bleeding. Filgrastim (A) is a medication used to stimulate white blood cell production, unrelated to clotting. Deferoxamine (B) is a chelating agent used for iron toxicity, not for clotting issues. Protamine (C) is used to reverse the effects of heparin, not warfarin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dietary modifications. Warfarin interacts with vitamin K in the diet, so maintaining consistent levels of vitamin K intake is crucial for the effectiveness of the drug. The nurse should educate the client to consume a consistent amount of foods rich in vitamin K to ensure the warfarin dosage remains effective. Sleep modifications (A), fluid modifications (B), and driving modifications (C) are not directly related to the effectiveness of warfarin. Therefore, they are not the appropriate topics to include in the client education plan.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Deferoxamine. Deferoxamine is an iron chelator that binds to excess iron in the body and helps facilitate its excretion. In cases of iron toxicity, Deferoxamine is the treatment of choice as it helps remove the excess iron from the body. A: Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse benzodiazepine overdose. B: Acetylcysteine is used to treat acetaminophen overdose by replenishing glutathione stores. C: Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose. In summary, the other choices are incorrect because they are used to treat overdoses of benzodiazepines, acetaminophen, and opioids respectively, not iron toxicity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increase in cytoplasm relative to the nucleus. In reactive states, lymphocytes undergo activation and proliferation, leading to an increase in cytoplasm as they synthesize proteins and organelles for cell division. This change is a characteristic feature of lympho-morphologic alterations in reactive states. A: Decrease in cytoplasm relative to the nucleus is incorrect because lymphocytes need to increase their cytoplasmic volume during activation. C: Increase in nucleus relative to the cytoplasm is incorrect as lymphocytes typically increase their cytoplasmic volume during proliferation. D: Decrease in size is incorrect because lymphocytes typically enlarge during activation and proliferation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Palmer pallor. This is because pallor, especially on the palms (Palmer pallor), is a common sign of anemia due to the decreased amount of hemoglobin in the blood, leading to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. Insomnia (A) is not specifically associated with anemia. Fever (C) is not a typical symptom of anemia unless it is due to an underlying infection or inflammatory condition. Angina (D) is chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, not a direct sign of anemia. In summary, Palmer pallor is the most relevant sign to indicate anemia, while the other choices are not directly related to this condition.