A nurse in a PACU is assessing a client who has a newly created colostomy. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Purplish-colored stoma. A purplish-colored stoma may indicate inadequate blood supply to the area, which is a sign of ischemia and can lead to tissue necrosis. This is a critical finding that requires immediate intervention to prevent further complications. A: Stoma oozing red drainage is a common finding in the immediate postoperative period and is not typically concerning unless it is excessive or accompanied by other symptoms. B: A shiny, moist stoma is a healthy stoma appearance, indicating good blood supply and hydration. D: A rosebud-like stoma orifice is a normal finding and not typically concerning unless there are signs of infection or other complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because contractions of smooth muscles in the GI tract lead to peristalsis, the movement that propels food through the digestive system. These contractions are stimulated by the Auerbach's or myenteric plexus, which are responsible for coordinating muscle movements in the gut. Choice A is incorrect as local secretions do not directly cause muscle contractions. Choice C is incorrect because peristalsis is the result of muscle contractions, not local secretions. Choice D is incorrect as local secretions are not the primary stimulus for muscle contractions in the GI tract.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: pharyngeal tonsils. Pharyngeal tonsils, also known as adenoids, are located in the nasopharynx, not in the oral cavity or oropharynx. Frenulums (A), lingual tonsils (B), and palatine tonsils (C) are all structures found within the oral cavity or oropharynx. Frenulums are small folds of tissue that connect the lips and tongue to the oral cavity. Lingual tonsils are located at the base of the tongue, and palatine tonsils are located on the sides of the throat. Therefore, the pharyngeal tonsils are the only option that is not located in the oral cavity or oropharynx.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: epiglottis is not closed over the glottis. When talking and eating simultaneously, the epiglottis fails to close over the glottis, leading to some of the food or liquid entering the larynx instead of being directed towards the esophagus. The epiglottis normally acts as a lid to cover the larynx during swallowing, preventing food or liquid from entering the airway. Therefore, failure of the epiglottis to close properly during talking and eating can trigger the gagging reflex. Summary of why the other choices are incorrect: B: Soft palate moving inferiorly is associated with the process of swallowing and closing off the nasopharynx, not the larynx. C: Pharyngeal constrictor muscles relax would not lead to food entering the larynx during talking and eating; in fact, they contract to propel food downwards. D: Esophageal sphinct

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Simple columnar epithelium: Lines the inner surface of the GI tract for absorption. 2. Muscularis mucosa: Thin layer of smooth muscle for mucosal movement. 3. Meissner's plexus: Submucosal nerve plexus for controlling secretions. 4. Two layers of smooth muscle in the tunica muscularis: Helps in peristalsis. 5. Peyer's patches of lymph nodules: Part of the immune system in the GI tract, mainly found in the ileum for protection against pathogens. Therefore, the correct answer is C: ileum, as it has all the mentioned characteristics. Summary: A: duodenum - Lacks Peyer's patches and two layers of smooth muscle. B: jejunum - Lacks Meissner's plexus and Peyer's patches. D: colon - Lacks simple columnar epithelium, Meissner's plexus