A nurse has started admitting a new person on home care and is beginning to establish a relationship. Which of the following would be the most important thing for the nurse to do?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of health promotion and establishing a therapeutic relationship in home care, the most important thing for the nurse to do is to establish open communication (Option B). This is crucial because effective communication forms the foundation of a trusting relationship between the nurse and the person receiving care. By establishing open communication, the nurse can better understand the person's needs, concerns, and preferences, which are essential for providing individualized and effective care. Completing paperwork in a timely fashion (Option A) is important for documentation purposes but does not take precedence over establishing a therapeutic relationship through communication. Conducting a complete physical health assessment (Option C) is important but should come after building rapport and gaining the person's trust. Providing feedback to the person's questions (Option D) is valuable but should also follow establishing open communication to ensure that the feedback is well-received and understood in the context of the person's needs. In an educational context, emphasizing the importance of communication skills in nursing practice is essential for student nurses to understand the holistic nature of patient care. Through effective communication, nurses can promote health, prevent illnesses, and provide person-centered care that considers the physical, emotional, and social aspects of the individual. Building strong communication skills early in their education will help future nurses establish therapeutic relationships and deliver high-quality care in various healthcare settings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding ethical theories is essential for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions regarding patient care. In this context, the correct answer is A) Descriptive value theories because descriptive value theories focus on describing how people actually behave towards each other and what they consider good or moral actions. Normative theories, represented by options B, provide guidelines on how people should behave rather than describing their actual behavior. Consequentialism theory, represented by option C, is a specific normative theory that states the morality of an action is determined by its outcome, which is not directly related to how people act towards each other. Duty-based theories, represented by option D, emphasize the importance of fulfilling one's duties or obligations rather than focusing on how people behave towards each other. In an educational context, understanding ethical theories is crucial for pharmacology students to navigate complex situations where moral and ethical considerations play a significant role in decision-making. By grasping the distinctions between descriptive, normative, consequentialism, and duty-based theories, students can develop a well-rounded ethical framework to guide their professional practice in the field of pharmacology.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Preventive ethics. In this scenario, the nurse is implementing preventive ethics by assessing the client's understanding of the surgery before it takes place. Preventive ethics focuses on identifying and addressing ethical issues before they occur, aiming to prevent problems rather than just reacting to them after they have happened. Option A) Duty-based ethics is not the best choice in this context because it primarily revolves around the idea of fulfilling one's duties and obligations. While the nurse does have a duty to educate the client, the act of assessing the client's understanding is more aligned with preventive ethics. Option B) Normative ethics is a branch of ethics that deals with the norms or standards for right and wrong behavior. While important in ethical decision-making, it is not directly applicable to the nurse's actions in this situation. Option C) Metaethics deals with the nature of ethical statements, language, and reasoning. It is more theoretical and abstract than the practical assessment of a client's understanding of a surgical procedure. In an educational context, understanding different ethical frameworks is crucial for healthcare professionals to navigate complex ethical dilemmas effectively. By recognizing the application of preventive ethics in preoperative teaching, nurses can ensure that patients are well-informed and prepared for their procedures, ultimately contributing to positive patient outcomes and ethical healthcare practices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) It is an ethical responsibility. In pharmacology and healthcare, raising awareness about lead poisoning is crucial due to its severe health implications, especially in children. Nurses have an ethical responsibility to advocate for public health and safety. By educating the community about lead poisoning, the nurse helps prevent potential harm and promotes well-being. Option A) It is a moral responsibility, and Option D) It is the right thing to do, are somewhat vague and subjective. While ethics and morality are closely related, ethics in healthcare are guided by professional standards and codes of conduct. Nurses are expected to act ethically based on these guidelines rather than personal beliefs. Option B) It is the role of the nurse, is partially correct as health promotion is indeed a role of nurses. However, the primary motivation for raising awareness about lead poisoning should be based on ethical principles rather than just fulfilling a job duty. In an educational context, understanding the ethical obligations of healthcare professionals, such as nurses, is essential in promoting patient safety and advocating for public health. By recognizing and fulfilling these responsibilities, nurses contribute to a healthier and more informed community.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Notify her supervisor about her beliefs and request a change in assignment. This option aligns with the revised American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics for Nurses, which emphasizes the importance of nurses advocating for their beliefs and values while ensuring patient safety and care. By notifying her supervisor and requesting a change in assignment, the nurse is upholding her religious beliefs while also ensuring that the patient's needs are met by another healthcare provider. Option A is incorrect because suspending one's religious beliefs may lead to moral distress and compromise the nurse's integrity. Option B is not the best course of action as quitting the job abruptly can have financial and career implications without attempting to resolve the situation through communication. Option D, refusing to participate in the abortion without addressing the issue with the supervisor, may result in a delay in the patient's care and violate the ANA's Code of Ethics, which emphasizes the importance of collaboration and communication within healthcare teams. From an educational perspective, this question highlights the ethical challenges nurses may face in balancing personal beliefs with professional responsibilities. It underscores the significance of effective communication, advocacy, and seeking guidance from supervisors or ethics committees when faced with moral dilemmas in healthcare settings.