A nurse has presented an educational program to a community group on Lyme disease. What statement by a participant indicates the need to review the material?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Lyme disease is rarely fatal if treated promptly. Step 2: Choice C states that Lyme disease is usually fatal if not treated successfully, which is incorrect. Step 3: Therefore, this statement indicates a need for review as it spreads misinformation. Step 4: Choices A, B, and D are accurate and align with the information provided in the educational program. Step 5: In summary, the need to review the material is highlighted by the inaccurate statement in choice C, as the other choices provide correct information on Lyme disease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because protection against Leishmania is mainly mediated by cell-mediated immune responses, not IgE antibodies. IgE is not typically involved in protection against intracellular parasites like Leishmania. A: Leishmania is indeed a unicellular parasite. B: Leishmania proliferates inside phagocytic cells, particularly macrophages. C: Leishmania is transmitted by sand flies during blood meals.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Are protease inhibitors. Blocking HIV budding involves inhibiting the action of the viral protease enzyme, which is crucial for processing viral proteins into their functional forms. By targeting protease, the virus cannot mature and infect new cells. RT inhibitors (A) target reverse transcriptase, not budding. Targeting gp120 (B) is focused on viral entry, not budding. Targeting HIV co-receptors (C) is aimed at blocking viral entry, not budding.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: The correct answer is E, as it states that the question is asking for a statement that is NOT true regarding HPV. Choices A, B, C, and D are all true statements about HPV. A) Both women and men can be infected with HPV. B) HPV can indeed cause cervical cancer. C) The HPV vaccine is a prophylactic recombinant vaccine. D) HPV is a DNA virus that can integrate into the cellular genome. Therefore, the only option left, E, is the correct answer as it contradicts the true statements provided in the other choices.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Type I hypersensitivity reactions are immediate allergic reactions that occur upon initial exposure to an allergen, not just after a second encounter. Step 2: Food allergies can lead to systemic anaphylaxis due to the rapid release of mediators like histamine. Step 3: TH2 lymphocytes play a crucial role in the development of type I hypersensitivity reactions by promoting IgE production. Step 4: Type I hypersensitivity reactions are not generally classified as genetic disorders since they result from an immune response to allergens, not a single gene defect.