A nurse has only a regular blood pressure cuff when conducting a health screening for all of the residents of a community. Which of the following may be lacking when obtaining blood pressure readings?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Sensitivity Rationale: 1. Sensitivity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify those with the condition (high blood pressure). 2. A regular blood pressure cuff may not be sensitive enough to accurately detect high blood pressure in some individuals. 3. Lack of sensitivity can lead to false-negative results, missing individuals who have high blood pressure. 4. Reliability (consistency of results), specificity (ability to correctly identify those without the condition), and validity (accuracy of measurements) are not directly impacted by the type of blood pressure cuff used.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: This method of data collection would result in selection bias. By administering surveys only to students who are part of school organizations, the sample is not representative of the entire student population, leading to selection bias. This bias can skew the results and make them less generalizable. A: Classification bias is when participants are inaccurately categorized, not relevant in this context. B: Confounding bias occurs when an external factor influences the relationship between the variables being studied, not applicable here. C: Personal bias involves individual opinions affecting the results, which is not the issue with this method of data collection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct: 1. The nurse needs to consider health problems specific to the population to prioritize screenings. 2. Screening for health problems the population is at risk for will be more relevant and beneficial. 3. Including these screenings will address the specific health needs of the community, making the event more impactful. 4. This variable ensures that the screenings provided are tailored to the population's needs. Summary of why the other choices are incorrect: A. Adequate space for resting is important but not a variable that directly determines which screenings to include. C. Privacy considerations are important but do not directly impact the choice of screenings. D. Availability of follow-up care is crucial but does not guide the selection of screenings to include.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A: - Endemic levels refer to consistent, expected rates of disease in a specific area. - Choice A states there are usually 20-30 cases each week, consistent with endemic levels. - The fact that there were 29 cases this past week aligns with the usual range, indicating endemicity. - This means the disease is consistently present in that area without significant spikes or drops. Summary of Incorrect Choices: - Choice B: The usual rate in this choice is much lower than endemic levels, making it unlikely to be endemic. - Choice C: The usual rate is exceeded significantly in the past week, indicating an outbreak rather than endemicity. - Choice D: The global scale mentioned is not relevant to determining endemic levels in a single area.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Connecting poor sanitation with negative health outcomes. This highlights Florence Nightingale's role as an epidemiologist because she was one of the first to recognize the link between poor sanitation and disease spread. She conducted studies showing how improving sanitation could reduce infection rates, laying the foundation for modern epidemiology. A: Dressing soldiers' infected wounds - While this was an important part of Nightingale's work as a nurse, it does not specifically highlight her role as an epidemiologist. C: Developing training schools for nurses and midwives - Nightingale's contribution to nursing education is significant, but it does not directly relate to her role as an epidemiologist. D: Changing linens and frequently bathing clients - These actions are important for infection control but do not specifically showcase Nightingale's role as an epidemiologist in identifying the root causes of disease outbreaks.