A nurse has developed the following PICOT question: In adult men, is zinc supplementation as effective as vitamin C supplementation in reducing the length of respiratory viral infections over six months? The nurse identifies "zinc supplementation” as which part of the PICOT question?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Intervention. In a PICOT question, the intervention refers to the treatment or exposure being studied. In this case, "zinc supplementation" is the specific intervention being compared to vitamin C supplementation. The population refers to the group being studied, which is adult men in this question. The comparison is the alternative to the intervention being studied, which is vitamin C supplementation in this case. The outcome is the result or effect of the intervention, which in this question is reducing the length of respiratory viral infections over six months. So, "zinc supplementation" falls under the intervention component of the PICOT question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it specifies the exact population the nurse is targeting - high school students in the rural community who smoke. This ensures the study focuses on a specific group, making it easier to design effective interventions. Choice A is too broad, not specifying the population of interest. Choice B is too general, including all community members who smoke. Choice C is also too broad, not focusing on the subgroup of interest. By choosing answer D, the nurse can tailor interventions specifically for high school students in the rural community who smoke, increasing the study's relevance and potential impact.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During the evaluation phase of EBDM, the nurse would determine the effectiveness of the plan. This involves assessing whether the implemented plan achieved the desired outcomes based on the evidence gathered. This step is crucial in determining the success of the decision-making process and informing future actions. Choice A (Carrying out the proposed plan) is incorrect as it pertains to the implementation phase, not evaluation. Choice B (Deciding if the evidence is applicable to the population) is incorrect as this is part of the critical appraisal phase, not evaluation. Choice D (Compiling the data) is incorrect as it is typically done in the earlier stages of EBDM to gather evidence, not during the evaluation phase.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During the Exposure Assessment stage, the public health team quantifies the extent, frequency, and duration of contact of the community with the toxic chemicals. This is crucial to determine the potential health risks posed by the exposure. By quantifying these factors, the team can assess the level of risk to the community accurately. Choice A is incorrect because it focuses on identifying negative outcomes rather than quantifying exposure levels. Choice B is incorrect as it relates exposure amount to health outcomes, which is more relevant in the Dose-Response Assessment stage. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion stage, which comes after exposure assessment. In summary, choice C is correct as it directly aligns with the purpose of Exposure Assessment, while the other choices are either not relevant to this stage or belong to different stages of the risk assessment process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Eliminating lead-based paint in public housing. This action exemplifies environmental justice by addressing a specific environmental hazard that disproportionately affects marginalized communities. Lead-based paint poses significant health risks, especially to children living in public housing. By eliminating this hazard, the nurse is promoting equality and advocating for a safe and healthy environment for all individuals. Choices A, B, and D, while beneficial, do not directly address an environmental injustice issue like lead-based paint in public housing.