A nurse has been working with a client who has a personality disorder and the nurse has recognized the potential for countertransference. How can the nurse best prevent this phenomenon?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Countertransference exists when the nurse projects individual feelings on to the client. The opposite phenomenon constitutes transference. Mimicking by a client is not an aspect of countertransference. Fostering coping skills in the client does not affect the nurse's risk of experiencing countertransference.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct theoretical approach is C) Orem's Behavioral Nursing Theory. This theory emphasizes self-care deficits and the nurse's role in helping the client achieve self-care independence through education, guidance, and support. Orem's theory is specifically focused on the individual's ability to perform self-care activities and the nurse's role in promoting and facilitating this process. Option A) Parse's Theory of Human Becoming focuses on the dynamic process of human living and the nurse-client relationship but does not specifically address self-care deficits and independence in the same way as Orem's theory. Option B) Roy's Theory of Adaptation deals with the individual's response to environmental stimuli and focuses on adaptation to promote health, which is different from addressing self-care deficits directly. Option D) Peplau's Interpersonal Theory emphasizes the nurse-client relationship and the importance of interpersonal interactions in promoting health but does not specifically address self-care deficits and independence as Orem's theory does. Educationally, understanding different theoretical approaches in nursing is crucial for nurses to effectively assess and intervene in client care. It helps nurses tailor their interventions to best meet the individual needs of clients and promote optimal health outcomes. By grasping the nuances of each theory, nurses can provide holistic and patient-centered care that addresses not only physical but also psychosocial and self-care needs of clients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Cluster A. This cluster includes odd and eccentric personality disorders such as Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal Personality Disorders. These disorders are characterized by symptoms like social withdrawal, suspiciousness, magical thinking, and eccentric behavior. Option B) Cluster B includes disorders like Borderline, Narcissistic, Histrionic, and Antisocial Personality Disorders, which are more associated with dramatic, emotional, and erratic behaviors, rather than the odd and eccentric traits described in the question. Option C) Cluster C includes Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders, which are characterized by anxious and fearful traits, not the odd and eccentric symptoms mentioned. Option D) There is no Cluster D in the classification of personality disorders, making this option incorrect. In an educational context, understanding the clusters of personality disorders is crucial for mental health professionals, as it helps in accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and understanding the underlying mechanisms of different personality disturbances. Recognizing the specific traits associated with each cluster aids in providing appropriate interventions and support for individuals with these disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of behavior modification for agoraphobia, the most effective technique is gradual desensitization by controlled exposure to the feared situation, which is option A. This technique is based on the principles of classical conditioning and systematic desensitization. By exposing the client gradually to the feared situation while teaching coping strategies, the client can learn to manage and eventually overcome their fear. Option B, teaching relaxation techniques, is a valuable complementary approach but may not address the core issue of fear associated with agoraphobia. Option C, repeated exposure to feared situations, can be overwhelming and counterproductive without a systematic and controlled approach like gradual desensitization. Option D, distraction, does not address the underlying fear and may prevent the client from learning how to cope with their anxiety effectively. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind the most effective technique for treating agoraphobia is crucial for healthcare professionals working with clients experiencing this condition. By grasping the principles of gradual desensitization and systematic exposure, nurses can provide evidence-based care that promotes the best outcomes for clients struggling with agoraphobia. This knowledge empowers healthcare providers to tailor interventions to individual client needs and optimize the effectiveness of behavior modification strategies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Milieu therapy is a therapeutic approach that focuses on creating a structured and supportive environment to promote positive behavior change and enhance the overall well-being of individuals. The main focus of milieu therapy is on A) Daily living skills and increasing a patient's self-esteem. This option is correct because milieu therapy emphasizes the importance of developing practical life skills and fostering a sense of self-worth and empowerment in individuals. Option B) Crisis intervention and control deviant behavior is incorrect because while milieu therapy may involve addressing crises and managing challenging behaviors, its primary emphasis is on creating a therapeutic environment that supports personal growth and positive change. Option C) Decreasing patient anxiety and psychotic symptoms is incorrect because while milieu therapy may contribute to reducing symptoms through its supportive environment, its main goal is broader and includes enhancing overall functioning beyond symptom reduction. Option D) Providing a safe structured environment and a sense of communication is incorrect because these elements are essential components of milieu therapy but do not capture its primary focus on enhancing daily living skills and self-esteem. In an educational context, understanding the main focus of milieu therapy is crucial for mental health professionals working in therapeutic settings. By prioritizing daily living skills and self-esteem, practitioners can effectively support individuals in achieving personal growth and positive behavior change within a structured and supportive environment. This rationale highlights the foundational principles of milieu therapy and emphasizes the importance of creating a therapeutic milieu that fosters individual well-being.