A nurse has a broad, aggregate focus when providing care to clients. Which best describes how this approach will help improve client outcomes? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Having a broader focus will help both nurse and patient make appropriate decisions. Unfortunately, it cannot ensure that others will help. Ideally, it will help both parties recognize that health problems are not just an individual's responsibility but often a result of environmental, sociopolitical, and economic factors as well. Encouraging the nurse to allocate time for population-focused health promotion efforts will also help the nurse's individual clients over the long term.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Migration and urbanization resulted in increased demand for care. The Industrial Revolution led to people moving from rural areas to cities for work, creating a demand for caregiving services. Families, friends, and neighbors were often left behind in rural areas, unable to provide care due to the distance. Plagues and wars did not directly result in caregiving approaches becoming inadequate. Migration and urbanization directly impacted the need for caregiving services, making previous approaches insufficient.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Providing health care for merchant seamen. The rationale is that nurses often provide healthcare services to merchant seamen who are at sea for extended periods without access to traditional healthcare facilities. Nurses onboard ships play a crucial role in addressing the health needs of seamen, such as providing medical care, administering medications, and promoting health education. A: Setting policy on quarantine legislation for immigrants - This is unlikely to be a nurse's responsibility as it falls under the jurisdiction of government authorities and policymakers. B: Establishing hospital-based programs to care for the sick at home - While nurses may be involved in home healthcare programs, this specific intervention does not align with the typical role of a nurse. C: Identifying and improving environmental conditions - While nurses may advocate for healthier environments, this intervention is more aligned with public health officials or environmental specialists.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lillian Wald. She is famous for creating public health nursing in the United States through her work at the Henry Street Settlement in New York City. She established the first district nursing service in the country and advocated for healthcare reform and social justice. Florence Nightingale, known for her work during the Crimean War, focused on nursing education and hospital reform but did not specifically create public health nursing in the US. Frances Root and Mrs. Solomon Loeb are not historically known for their contributions to public health nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Standardizing public health nursing education. The National Organization for Public Health Nursing played a key role in establishing standards and guidelines for public health nursing education, ensuring consistency and quality across programs. This accomplishment helped to professionalize the field and improve the overall effectiveness of public health nursing practice. A: Requiring that public health nurses have a baccalaureate degree in nursing - While this is an important advancement in nursing education, it was not specifically initiated by the National Organization for Public Health Nursing. C: Developing public health nursing competencies - While the organization may have contributed to the development of competencies, standardizing education was a more significant accomplishment. D: Opening the Henry Street Settlement - This organization was founded by Lillian Wald, not the National Organization for Public Health Nursing.