A nurse explains to the family of a mentally ill patient how a nurse–patient relationship differs from social relationships. Which is the best explanation?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it highlights the key difference in a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship: the focus on the patient's needs and active participation in problem-solving. The nurse facilitates discussion but empowers the patient to make decisions and implement solutions, promoting autonomy and self-efficacy. Choice B is incorrect because it suggests a more equal exchange of advice and implementation of solutions, which can blur professional boundaries and hinder the patient's growth. Choice C is incorrect as it emphasizes socialization and meeting mutual needs, which are more characteristic of social relationships rather than therapeutic ones focused on the patient's mental health needs. Choice D is incorrect because it describes a partnership focused on mutual growth and satisfaction, which may not always align with the therapeutic goals of addressing the patient's mental health issues effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Educator. In a long-term residential treatment center for patients with chronic mental disorders, the nurse primarily assumes the role of an educator. The nurse educates patients about their conditions, treatment plans, medications, coping strategies, and self-care techniques. This helps empower patients to actively participate in their own care and improve their overall well-being. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Therapist - While nurses may provide therapeutic communication and support, their primary focus is not to provide therapy which is typically done by mental health professionals such as psychologists or counselors. B: Medication administrator - While nurses do administer medications, it is not their primary role in working with patients with chronic mental disorders. C: Mediator - While nurses may help facilitate communication and resolve conflicts, mediating is not their primary role in providing care to patients with chronic mental disorders.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: De-escalation. Milieu therapy focuses on creating a therapeutic environment to promote healing and growth. De-escalation techniques are not a key concept of milieu therapy. Rationale: 1. Structure interaction (A): Correct - Milieu therapy emphasizes structured interactions between individuals to enhance communication and support. 2. Open communication (B): Correct - Milieu therapy encourages open and honest communication within the therapeutic environment. 3. Validation (C): Correct - Milieu therapy emphasizes validating individuals' feelings and experiences to promote a supportive environment. 4. De-escalation (D): Incorrect - De-escalation techniques are more commonly associated with crisis intervention and managing challenging behaviors, not a core concept of milieu therapy. In summary, de-escalation is not a key concept of milieu therapy, which focuses on promoting a therapeutic environment through structured interactions, open communication, and validation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Launching children and moving on. This stage typically occurs when children leave the family home to live independently, get married, or become engaged. In this scenario, the youngest child has already moved out to live by herself, and one of the other children is married while the remaining child has just gotten engaged. These events indicate that the family is transitioning into the stage of launching children and moving on, where parents adjust to an empty nest and focus on their own pursuits. Choices analysis: A: Families with adolescents - This stage typically involves children still living at home during their teenage years, which does not align with the information provided in the question. C: Families in later life - This stage occurs later in the family life cycle when children have grown up and left the family home, usually after retirement. The events in the question do not indicate this stage. D: Leaving home: single young adults - This stage involves young adults leaving the family home for the first time to

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Laboratory test results. Allostatic load refers to the cumulative wear and tear on the body as a result of chronic stress. Laboratory test results, such as cortisol levels, inflammation markers, and lipid profiles, provide direct indicators of physiological changes associated with stress. These results offer insights into how the body is responding to stress at a biochemical level. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: A: Nuclear imaging studies - While nuclear imaging studies can provide valuable information about organ function, they are not typically used to directly measure the impact of stress on the body. C: Bone radiographs - Bone radiographs are used to assess bone structure and density, not typically associated with measuring allostatic load or stress-related changes. D: Cardiac studies - Cardiac studies focus on heart function and cardiovascular health, which can be influenced by stress but may not directly reflect the overall changes associated with allostatic load as comprehensively as laboratory test results.