A nurse examines a patient and finds a single, firm, painless open sore with indurated borders on the vulva. The nurse correlates this finding with which disorder?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Syphilis. A single, firm, painless open sore with indurated borders on the vulva is characteristic of the primary stage of syphilis, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. This sore is known as a chancre and typically appears at the site of infection. It is painless due to the destruction of local sensory nerves by the bacteria. Syphilis can progress through different stages if left untreated. Choice A: HPV infection does not typically present with a single painless sore but rather with warty growths or lesions on the genital area. Choice B: Herpes infection usually presents with multiple painful blisters or sores, not a single painless sore. Choice C: Gonorrhea does not typically present as a painless sore but rather with symptoms like burning during urination, discharge, and pelvic pain.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: experience mild abdominal cramps after the procedure. This is because ultrasound imaging for ovarian cysts is non-invasive and does not involve the use of IV contrast or require the patient to drink fluids before the procedure. The patient may experience mild abdominal cramps due to the pressure applied during the ultrasound, but this is temporary and not a cause for concern. Discontinuing aspirin is not necessary for an ultrasound procedure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct sequence of human embryonic development is D: Fertilization - cleavage - gastrulation - organogenesis. 1. Fertilization: The union of egg and sperm forms a zygote. 2. Cleavage: Zygote undergoes rapid cell division without growth. 3. Gastrulation: Formation of three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm). 4. Organogenesis: Organ formation from germ layers. This sequence reflects the chronological order of events in early human development. Choice A is incorrect as organogenesis occurs after gastrulation. Choice B is incorrect as fertilization should precede cleavage. Choice C is incorrect as organogenesis occurs after gastrulation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: They are both ovoviviparous. Reptiles and birds are ovoviviparous, meaning they lay eggs that hatch internally and give birth to live young. Reptiles and birds do not require parental care immediately after birth, so choice A is incorrect. They reproduce through internal fertilization, making choice C incorrect. Reproduction through asexual means is not common in reptiles and birds, making choice D incorrect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Arcuate line. The pelvic brim is formed by structures at the pelvic inlet. The arcuate line is a ridge on the inner surface of the ilium that contributes to the boundary of the pelvic brim. The other choices, B: Marginal ala of sacrum, C: Pubic tubercle, and D: Sacral promontory, do not directly participate in forming the pelvic brim. The marginal ala of the sacrum is part of the sacrum, the pubic tubercle is located on the pubis bone, and the sacral promontory is a landmark on the sacrum but does not contribute to the pelvic brim.