ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse educator is giving a presentation on hypothalamic hormones. Which of the following hypothalamic hormones when stimulated is controlled by another hypothalamic hormone?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) Growth hormone-releasing hormone. This hormone is controlled by another hypothalamic hormone, somatostatin, which inhibits its release. Growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary to release growth hormone. Option A, Thyroid-stimulating hormone, is not a hypothalamic hormone but a pituitary hormone that is regulated by the hypothalamic hormone thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Option B, Corticotropin-releasing hormone, stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the pituitary and is not controlled by another hypothalamic hormone. Option C, Follicle-stimulating hormone, is also not a hypothalamic hormone but a pituitary hormone controlled by gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus. Educationally, understanding the interplay between different hormones in the endocrine system is crucial for healthcare professionals to comprehend the regulation and functions of various hormones. Knowing how hypothalamic hormones control the release of pituitary hormones is fundamental in diagnosing and treating endocrine disorders.
Question 2 of 5
In the emergency department, during initial assessment of a new admission with diabetes, you discover all of the following. Which information should you immediately report to the physician?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the immediate concern that should be reported to the physician is option B: Rapid respiratory rate with deep inspirations. This is indicative of a potential complication known as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a life-threatening condition that requires urgent medical intervention. Option A (Hammertoe of the left second metatarsophalangeal joint) is a chronic complication of diabetes related to neuropathy and vascular changes, which may need attention but is not an acute concern requiring immediate reporting. Option C (Numbness and tingling bilaterally in feet and hands) could indicate peripheral neuropathy, a common complication of diabetes, but it does not present an immediate threat to life and can be addressed during routine care. Option D (Decreased sensitivity and swelling of the abdomen) may suggest diabetic neuropathy and potential gastrointestinal issues, but these symptoms do not require urgent attention compared to the respiratory distress indicated in option B. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing acute complications of diabetes, such as DKA, which can be life-threatening if not promptly addressed. It emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to prioritize and act swiftly in identifying and managing emergent situations in patients with diabetes.
Question 3 of 5
A morbidly obese person visits the local bariatric (weight loss) clinic seeking a pill that will help shed weight. The physician prescribes dextroamphetamine. In addition to causing its expected centrally mediated anorexigenic (appetite-suppressant) effects, it causes a host of peripheral adrenergic effects that, for some patients, can prove fatal. The main mechanism by which dextroamphetamine or amphetamines in general, cause their peripheral autonomic effects is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): Dextroamphetamine causes peripheral adrenergic effects by displacing, releasing, intraneuronal NE. Amphetamines disrupt the storage and release of NE from intraneuronal vesicles, leading to an increase in synaptic NE levels. This excess NE can stimulate adrenergic receptors in the periphery, causing adverse effects like hypertension, tachycardia, and potentially fatal outcomes. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Activating MAO would increase NE breakdown, not cause peripheral adrenergic effects. B: Blocking NE reuptake would increase NE levels in the synapse, not intraneuronally, leading to central effects. D: Enhancing NE synthesis would not directly lead to peripheral adrenergic effects, as it would require release and action at the synapse.
Question 4 of 5
A 33-year-old woman becomes poisoned after receiving an injection of concentrated botulinum toxin. Which of the following is the main neurochemical mechanism by which this Clostridium toxin causes its effects?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhibits ACh release from all cholinergic nerves. Botulinum toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from cholinergic nerve terminals, leading to muscle paralysis. This occurs through the cleavage of SNARE proteins, preventing vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release. Choice A is incorrect because botulinum toxin does not directly activate receptors. Choice C is incorrect as botulinum toxin does not affect neuronal norepinephrine reuptake. Choice D is incorrect because botulinum toxin does not release norepinephrine via a nonexocytotic process.
Question 5 of 5
Adrenaline is contraindicated in:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adrenaline is contraindicated in hypertension because it can worsen high blood pressure and increase the risk of cardiovascular events. Adrenaline's vasoconstrictive effects can further elevate blood pressure in individuals with hypertension, potentially leading to severe complications. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid administering adrenaline in patients with hypertension to prevent adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Summary: - A: Adrenaline is indicated in cardiac arrest to improve cardiac output. - B: Adrenaline is indicated in acute bronchial asthma to relax bronchial smooth muscles. - C: Adrenaline is indicated in anaphylactic shock to reverse severe allergic reactions. - D (Correct): Adrenaline is contraindicated in hypertension due to its vasoconstrictive effects.