ATI RN
Pharmacology of Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular System PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse could anticipate that treatment for a patient with memory difficulties might include medications designed to:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because memory difficulties are often associated with a decrease in acetylcholine levels in the brain. Medications that prevent the destruction of acetylcholine can help improve memory function. Option A, increasing dopamine activity, is more related to conditions like Parkinson's disease. Option B, increasing GABA levels, is more relevant to anxiety disorders. Option C, reducing dopamine activity at receptor sites, is not directly linked to memory improvement but rather to conditions like schizophrenia. Thus, option D is the most appropriate choice for addressing memory issues.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is recovering from abdominal surgery, which he had this morning. He is groggy but complaining of severe pain around his incision. What is the most important assessment data to consider before the nurse administers a dose of morphine sulfate to the patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: His respiratory rate. Before administering morphine sulfate, it is crucial to assess the patient's respiratory rate. Opioids like morphine can cause respiratory depression, especially in post-operative patients. Monitoring respiratory rate will help detect any signs of respiratory distress or depression, which can be life-threatening. Pulse rate (A) and appearance of the incision (C) are important but not as critical as respiratory rate in this scenario. The date of his last bowel movement (D) is not directly related to the immediate safety of administering morphine sulfate.
Question 3 of 5
A patient wants to take a ginseng dietary supplement. The nurse instructs the patient to look for which potential adverse effect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Palpitations and anxiety. Ginseng is known to stimulate the central nervous system, potentially leading to palpitations and anxiety. This is an important adverse effect to watch for when taking ginseng. Incorrect Choices: A: Drowsiness - Ginseng is not typically associated with drowsiness, as it is known for its stimulant properties. C: Dry mouth - Dry mouth is not a common adverse effect of ginseng. D: Constipation - Constipation is not a known adverse effect of ginseng.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is in the intensive care unit because of an acute myocardial infarction. He is experiencing severe ventricular dysrhythmias. The nurse will prepare to give which drug of choice for this dysrhythmia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: 1. Amiodarone is the drug of choice for severe ventricular dysrhythmias like those seen in acute myocardial infarction. 2. It has potent antiarrhythmic properties and can stabilize the heart's electrical activity. 3. Diltiazem and verapamil are calcium channel blockers used for supraventricular dysrhythmias, not ventricular. 4. Adenosine is used for terminating supraventricular tachycardias, not ventricular dysrhythmias. 5. Choosing amiodarone in this scenario is crucial for managing the life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias effectively.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has been advised to add a nasal spray (an adrenergic decongestant) to treat a cold. The nurse will include which instruction?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Limit use of this spray to 3 to 5 days." Adrenergic decongestants, such as nasal sprays, can lead to rebound congestion if used for an extended period. Limiting the use to 3 to 5 days helps prevent this rebound effect. Other choices are incorrect as: A: "You won’t see effects for at least 1 week." - This is incorrect because adrenergic decongestants provide immediate relief. C: "Continue the spray until nasal stuffiness has resolved." - This is incorrect as prolonged use can lead to worsening symptoms. D: "Avoid use of this spray if a fever develops." - This is incorrect as fever is not a contraindication for using adrenergic decongestants.