A nurse collaborates with assistive personnel (AP) to provide care for a client who is prescribed a 24-hour urine specimen collection. Which statement would the nurse include when teaching the AP about this activity?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Note the time of the client's first void and collect urine for 24 hours. This is correct because for a 24-hour urine specimen collection, it is essential to start by noting the exact time of the first void and then collect all subsequent urine voided over the next 24 hours, including the final void at the same time the collection started. This ensures accurate measurement of substances in the urine over a full 24-hour period. Choice B is incorrect because the preservative should be added to the container at the beginning, not the end, to maintain the integrity of the specimen. Choice C is incorrect because the 24-hour collection starts with the first void, not the first morning urine. Choice D is incorrect as missing even one urine sample during the 24-hour collection can compromise the accuracy of the results.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: β-Blocker. β-Blockers are indicated in the management of myocardial infarction as they help reduce myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility. This results in less strain on the heart muscle and can improve survival outcomes. Additionally, β-blockers can prevent arrhythmias and reduce the risk of recurrent infarction. In this scenario, where the patient is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevations, the use of a β-blocker is crucial in managing the condition and improving the patient's prognosis. Summary of other choices: B: α-Agonist - Not indicated in the management of myocardial infarction. C: Muscarinic agonist - Not indicated in the management of myocardial infarction. D: Neuromuscular blocker - Not indicated in the management of myocardial infarction.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Inhalation. Ipratropium is a bronchodilator used to treat conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inhalation allows direct delivery to the lungs, where it acts locally to relax the smooth muscle and dilate the airways, providing rapid relief of bronchospasm. Oral route (A) would result in poor absorption and systemic side effects. Intravenous (B) and subcutaneous (C) injections are not preferred due to the risk of systemic effects and lack of targeted action. Thus, inhalation is the most effective and appropriate route for ipratropium administration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Propranolol is the correct answer for migraine prophylaxis due to its beta-blocking properties, reducing sympathetic nervous system activity. This helps prevent migraine attacks. Noradrenaline and amphetamine increase sympathetic activity, exacerbating migraines. Ergotamine is used for acute migraine attacks, not prophylaxis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Edrophonium, because it is not a parasympatholytic drug but rather a parasympathomimetic drug used for diagnosing myasthenia gravis. Atropine (A), Propantheline (B), and Pirenzepine (C) are all parasympatholytic drugs that inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system by blocking acetylcholine receptors. Atropine is a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist, Propantheline is an antimuscarinic drug used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, and Pirenzepine is a selective M1 receptor antagonist used to reduce gastric acid secretion. Therefore, D is the correct choice as it does not belong to the category of parasympatholytic drugs.