A nurse caring for a client who has gas gangrene knows that this infection originated in which of the following reservoirs?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Soil. Gas gangrene is caused by Clostridium perfringens bacteria, which is commonly found in soil. The spores enter the body through contaminated wounds. Other people (A) are not the primary reservoir for this infection. While contaminated food (B) can lead to food poisoning, it is not the source of gas gangrene. Animals (D) can transmit certain infections, but they are not the reservoir for Clostridium perfringens that causes gas gangrene.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: An older adult with several chronic illnesses. This client is most at risk for developing an infection due to a weakened immune system associated with aging and chronic illnesses, making them more vulnerable to infections. Older adults often have decreased immune function, making them more susceptible to infections. Additionally, chronic illnesses can further compromise the immune system. Summary of other choices: B: An infant who has just received first immunizations - While infants may experience mild side effects from immunizations, they are not at increased risk for developing infections. C: An adolescent who had a basketball physical - Adolescents are generally healthy and active, and having a physical exam does not increase their risk of developing an infection. D: A middle-aged adult with joint pain and stiffness - Joint pain and stiffness do not directly increase the risk of developing an infection unless there are underlying conditions compromising the immune system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Having written infection-prevention practices for all employees. This measure is effective because it ensures all staff follow specific guidelines to prevent infections. Mandating antibiotics (choice A) can lead to resistance and unnecessary use. Monthly screenings for skin flora (choice C) may not effectively prevent infections. Restricting visitors and activities (choice D) may impact residents' well-being without directly addressing the root cause of infections.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct rationale for using body substance precautions is D: All body substances are considered potentially infectious. This is because various body substances, such as blood, saliva, urine, feces, and respiratory secretions, may contain pathogens that can transmit infections. This precaution is crucial to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, as pathogens can be present in any body substance, even if the person is not showing signs of active infection. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they underestimate the potential risk of transmission and do not provide comprehensive protection against infectious agents.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because avoiding jewelry with prongs or protruding stones helps prevent injuries to the client during care. Jewelry can also harbor bacteria, leading to infections. A is incorrect because physical contact is often necessary for providing care. C is incorrect as isolation is not always required and can lead to feelings of loneliness. D is incorrect as linens should be handled carefully to prevent the spread of infection, not shaken.