ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drug Interactions PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse cares for patients taking various medications, including buspirone (BuSpar), haloperidol (Haldol), carbamazepine (Tegretol), trazodone (Desyrel), and phenelzine (Nardil). The nurse will order a special diet for the patient who takes:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, phenelzine (Nardil), an antidepressant classified as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). MAOIs have dietary restrictions to avoid tyramine-rich foods to prevent hypertensive crisis. Other choices, A (buspirone), B (haloperidol), and C (carbamazepine) do not have specific dietary restrictions related to their mechanisms of action. Therefore, D is the correct choice due to the dietary considerations for MAOIs.
Question 2 of 5
During a fishing trip, a patient pierced his finger with a large fishhook. He is now in the emergency department to have it removed. The nurse anticipates that which type of anesthesia will be used for this procedure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because infiltration of the puncture wound with lidocaine is the most appropriate anesthesia for removing a fishhook. Lidocaine will provide local anesthesia, numbing the area around the wound to reduce pain during the procedure. It is a common practice in emergency medicine to use local anesthesia for wound care and minor procedures. Explanation for other choices: A: No anesthesia - not using any anesthesia can lead to significant pain and discomfort for the patient. B: Topical benzocaine spray on the area - benzocaine spray may not provide sufficient depth of anesthesia for a procedure involving a deep puncture wound like a fishhook. C: Topical prilocaine (EMLA) cream around the site - while EMLA cream can provide some local anesthesia, it may not be as effective as lidocaine infiltration for a wound involving a fishhook.
Question 3 of 5
When counseling a male patient about the possible adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs, the nurse will discuss which potential problem?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Impotence. Antihypertensive drugs can lead to erectile dysfunction in males due to their impact on blood flow and nerve function. This side effect can significantly impact a patient's quality of life and adherence to treatment. Incorrect choices: B: Bradycardia - Antihypertensive drugs may cause bradycardia, but it is more commonly associated with beta-blockers. C: Increased libido - Antihypertensive drugs are not known to increase libido; in fact, some may decrease libido as a side effect. D: Weight gain - While some antihypertensive drugs may cause weight gain, impotence is a more commonly known adverse effect in male patients.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is receiving heparin therapy as part of the treatment for a pulmonary embolism. The nurse monitors the results of which laboratory test to check the drug’s effectiveness?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). This test is specifically used to monitor heparin therapy's effectiveness by measuring the blood's clotting time. Heparin works by inhibiting blood clot formation, so monitoring aPTT helps ensure the patient is within the therapeutic range to prevent clot formation. Incorrect choices: A: Bleeding times - This test assesses how long it takes for blood to clot, but it does not specifically monitor heparin therapy's effectiveness. C: Prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR) - This test is used to monitor warfarin therapy, not heparin therapy. D: Vitamin K levels - Monitoring vitamin K levels is not relevant to assessing heparin therapy's effectiveness in preventing clot formation.
Question 5 of 5
A patient who has been taking isoniazid (INH) has a new prescription for pyridoxine. She is wondering why she needs this medication. The nurse explains that pyridoxine is often given concurrently with the isoniazid to prevent which condition?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Peripheral neuropathy. Isoniazid (INH) can deplete vitamin B6 levels, leading to peripheral neuropathy. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) supplementation helps prevent this side effect by replenishing the vitamin. Hair loss (A) is not a common side effect of INH. Renal failure (B) and heart failure (D) are not typically associated with INH therapy. By preventing peripheral neuropathy, pyridoxine helps maintain nerve health and function in patients taking INH.