ATI RN
Psychobiological Disorder Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse cares for four patients who are receiving clozapine, lithium, fluoxetine, and venlafaxine, respectively. With which patient should the nurse be most alert for problems associated with fluid and electrolyte imbalance? The patient receiving
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: lithium. Lithium is known to cause electrolyte imbalances, particularly affecting sodium levels. The nurse should monitor for signs of hyponatremia or hypernatremia. Clozapine (B) is more associated with metabolic side effects. Fluoxetine (C) and venlafaxine (D) are less likely to cause significant fluid and electrolyte imbalances compared to lithium. Sodium monitoring is crucial with lithium to prevent serious complications.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse provides health education for an adult with sleep deprivation. It is most important for the nurse to encourage caution when the patient engages in
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: driving a car. Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive function and reaction time, increasing the risk of accidents while driving. It is crucial for the nurse to emphasize caution during activities requiring alertness and quick decision-making. Using a vacuum cleaner (A) and cooking a meal (B) involve less risk compared to driving. Bathing (D) is a routine task that does not pose the same level of danger as driving. Encouraging caution during driving is essential to prevent potential harm to the patient and others.
Question 3 of 5
Which person would be most likely to experience sleep fragmentation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A - An obese adult. Obesity is a risk factor for sleep fragmentation due to conditions like sleep apnea. Excess weight can lead to airway obstruction during sleep, resulting in interrupted breathing and disrupted sleep patterns. Toddlers attending day care (choice B) may experience disruptions but not necessarily as consistently as obese adults. Mild osteoarthritis (choice C) may cause discomfort but is not directly linked to sleep fragmentation. An adolescent with anorexia nervosa (choice D) may have sleep disturbances, but obesity poses a higher risk for sleep fragmentation.
Question 4 of 5
Normally, most people sleep at night. What is the physiological rationale?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the master biological clock, known as the circadian rhythm, responds to darkness by signaling the release of melatonin, a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin production increases in response to darkness, signaling the body that it is time to sleep. This process is crucial for maintaining a regular sleep pattern. B: Darkness actually stimulates the release of melatonin, not histamine, to promote sleep. C: Cooler temperatures may contribute to better sleep, but it is the response to darkness, not temperature, that primarily triggers sleep. D: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's fight-or-flight response, which is not conducive to sleep.
Question 5 of 5
A 76-year-old man tells the nurse at the sleep disorder clinic, I awaken almost nightly in the midst of violent dreams in which I am defending myself against multiple attackers. Then I realize I have been hitting and kicking my wife. She has bruises. Which health problem is most likely?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. This disorder is characterized by vivid, violent dreams during REM sleep leading to physical movements or behaviors, such as hitting or kicking. In this case, the man's description of defending himself against attackers and then realizing he has been hitting his wife aligns with the symptoms of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. This disorder typically occurs in older adults and can result in harm to the individual or their sleep partner. - A: Sleep paralysis involves the inability to move or speak while falling asleep or upon waking up, not violent behaviors. - B: Night terror disorder involves sudden awakenings with intense fear or terror, not typically involving physical harm to others. - C: Sleep-related bruxism is the grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep, not associated with violent dreams or behaviors.