A nurse cares for a group of patients receiving various medications, including haloperidol, carbamazepine, trazodone, and phenalgine. The nurse will order a special diet for the patient who takes

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: phenelzine. Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant that requires dietary restrictions to avoid tyramine-containing foods. Tyramine-rich foods can cause a hypertensive crisis when combined with MAOIs. The other medications listed do not have specific dietary restrictions related to their use. Haloperidol is an antipsychotic, carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant, and trazodone is an antidepressant, none of which necessitate a special diet. Therefore, the nurse should order a special diet for the patient taking phenelzine to prevent potential adverse reactions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because encountering a large poisonous snake can trigger a fight-or-flight response, leading to an increase in blood pressure to prepare for potential danger. This response is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system, causing vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output. Choices A and B are less likely as a decrease in pulse or respiratory rate is not typical in this situation. Choice C is less directly related to the physiological response to a threat compared to blood pressure changes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the patient describes symptoms associated with chronic sleep deprivation, such as fatigue and gastrointestinal issues. This indicates a disruption in the body's normal functioning due to lack of adequate sleep. Choice A suggests using external stimuli to fall asleep, which may not necessarily indicate chronic sleep deprivation. Choice C shows awareness of the recommended sleep duration, which is not necessarily indicative of chronic sleep deprivation. Choice D suggests experiencing confusion upon waking, which could indicate other sleep disorders but not specifically chronic sleep deprivation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: sleep latency. Sleep latency refers to the time it takes for an individual to fall asleep after lying down in bed. In this case, the patient mentioning that it takes about 15 minutes to go to sleep each night indicates a delay in the onset of sleep, which aligns with the concept of sleep latency. Delta sleep (A) refers to slow-wave deep sleep stages, parasomnia (B) involves abnormal behaviors during sleep, and REM sleep (D) is the stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and vivid dreams, none of which are directly related to the time taken to fall asleep.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: less REM sleep. Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), can suppress REM sleep. Serotonin inhibits REM sleep, and by blocking its reuptake, sertraline can reduce REM sleep duration. This medication is known to increase sleep continuity and reduce awakenings, leading to less REM sleep. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because sertraline does not directly affect dreaming, excessive sleepiness, or slow-wave sleep.