A nurse begins to collect information about a particular health problem from community residents. Which potential problem would most likely arise?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Although the process of needs assessment can indicate strengths and weaknesses, it can also raise expectations for new services to address problems. It is also possible that this data collection may cause residents to become suspicious and wonder why this data collection is necessary. However, in most cases, this is not problematic. The problem will arise if residents expect that services will be provided when they may not.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The person-place-time model suggests epidemiologists examine demographic characteristics of the community (person characteristics), geographic or environmental factors (place), and a point in time (i.e., the present in comparison with the past and hope for future). Therefore, using the model, any item related to geographic boundaries, persons with shared goals, or a particular time would be correct. Options B, C, and D do not align with this model as they do not emphasize the core aspects of place, people, and time.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Vital statistics record births, marriages, divorce, adoptions, and deaths in the community. Useful information would include conditions of birth, such as congenital malformations from the birth records. Death records suggest local mortality and morbidity trends. Overall growth or decline in the community's population can be seen. Options A, B, and F, while potentially informative, are not directly cited as primary uses of vital statistics in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nurses are increasingly employed in community settings as opposed to hospitals, reflecting a move toward community-based care rather than hospital-based tertiary care. This shift aligns with efforts to prevent disease and reduce costs, rather than focusing solely on acute care in centralized facilities.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The ANA Code of Ethics promotes social reform by focusing on health policy and legislation to positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health care. The code does not directly address workplace issues, such as work schedules or need for overtime.