ATI RN
Pharmacology Across the Lifespan ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse assigned to pulmonology must understand that medications used to treat manifestations of COPD include all of the following except
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Benzodiazepines are not typically used to treat COPD manifestations; they are anxiolytics or sedatives that can depress respiration, which is counterproductive in COPD management. Bronchodilators (e.g., beta-2 agonists), methylxanthines (e.g., theophylline), and anticholinergics (e.g., ipratropium) are standard treatments that help relieve bronchoconstriction and improve airflow.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse caring for a patient diagnosed with Cystic Fibrosis should understand that the expected pharmacological action of Acetylcysteine is to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In caring for a patient with Cystic Fibrosis, understanding the pharmacological action of Acetylcysteine is crucial. The correct answer is A) thin and enhance the flow of secretions in the respiratory passages. Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic agent that works by breaking disulfide bonds in mucus, making it less viscous and easier to clear from the airways. This action helps to improve respiratory function in patients with conditions like Cystic Fibrosis. Option B) dilate the upper respiratory passageways is incorrect as Acetylcysteine does not have bronchodilator properties. Option C) agonize respiratory b2 adrenergic receptors and Option D) antagonize al cholinergic receptors are also incorrect as they do not represent the mechanism of action of Acetylcysteine. Educationally, understanding the pharmacological actions of medications used in specific conditions like Cystic Fibrosis is vital for nurses to provide safe and effective care. Knowing how Acetylcysteine works helps nurses anticipate its effects, monitor for therapeutic outcomes, and recognize and manage any potential side effects or complications. This knowledge enhances nursing practice and contributes to improved patient outcomes.
Question 3 of 5
Anticholinergic effects like dry mouth and constipation are commonly observed with all of the following drug classes except
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) 2nd generation H1 antagonists because they are designed to have less affinity for the cholinergic receptors, thus reducing the likelihood of causing anticholinergic effects like dry mouth and constipation. 1st generation H1 antagonists (Option A) such as diphenhydramine commonly cause anticholinergic effects due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and affect central cholinergic receptors. Intranasal antihistamines (Option C) like azelastine can also lead to anticholinergic effects due to their systemic absorption. Gamma-3 muscarinic receptor agonists (Option D) would not cause anticholinergic effects as they are designed to activate muscarinic receptors, which is opposite to the mechanism of anticholinergic drugs. In an educational context, understanding the differences in drug classes and their potential side effects is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions when prescribing medications, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly where anticholinergic effects can have significant implications on health and quality of life.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following medications should not be taken by clients who are breastfeeding due to risks like peptic ulcer disease and intracranial bleeds?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Rivaroxaban. Rivaroxaban is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) that can increase the risk of bleeding, including intracranial bleeds. This medication is not recommended for breastfeeding mothers due to the potential harm it can cause to the infant through breast milk. A) Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication that is generally considered safe for use during breastfeeding as it has a low risk of adverse effects to the infant. B) Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin that is also considered safe for use during breastfeeding as it has minimal excretion into breast milk and is not expected to harm the infant. C) Dabigatran is another DOAC that, like rivaroxaban, carries a risk of bleeding complications. However, dabigatran is considered safer for use during breastfeeding compared to rivaroxaban. Educationally, it is important for healthcare providers to have a thorough understanding of medications that are safe for use during breastfeeding to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the infant. Knowledge of pharmacology across the lifespan is crucial in providing safe and effective care to patients in various stages of life, including breastfeeding mothers.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has been instructed to take one enteric-coated low-dose aspirin a day as part of therapy to prevent strokes. The nurse will provide which instruction when providing patient teaching about this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, option C is the correct answer. When educating a patient about taking enteric-coated low-dose aspirin to prevent strokes, instructing them to take the medication with 6 to 8 ounces of water and with food is crucial. Enteric-coated aspirin should be taken with food to help prevent gastrointestinal irritation and potential ulcers. Water helps with swallowing and ensures proper absorption of the medication. Option A is incorrect because low-dose aspirin therapy can indeed lead to problems with bleeding, especially in certain patient populations like those with a history of ulcers or bleeding disorders. Option B is incorrect as aspirin should not be taken on an empty stomach, especially enteric-coated aspirin. Option D is incorrect as crushing coated tablets can interfere with the intended slow release mechanism of the medication. Educationally, it is important to emphasize the rationale behind specific medication instructions to ensure patient compliance and safety. Providing detailed explanations about how to take medications correctly can help patients understand the importance of adherence to prescribed regimens for optimal therapeutic outcomes.