A nurse assesses clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which client would the nurse identify as having the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, a 65-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to the impact of high blood sugar levels on blood vessels and the heart. This increases the risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease. The other choices do not have as direct a link to cardiovascular disease. Asthma and colorectal cancer are not primary risk factors, and while bisphosphonates can have side effects, they are not typically associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the 65-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus is the client with the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease among the options provided.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a low O2 saturation level indicates poor oxygenation, which is critical in ADHF. Step 1: Check airway patency and oxygen delivery. Step 2: Administer supplemental oxygen. Step 3: Monitor for improvement in O2 saturation. Choices B, C, and D are important but not as urgent. B: Weight gain can indicate fluid retention but not an immediate threat. C: Elevated heart rate is common in ADHF but not immediately life-threatening. D: Decreased urine output may indicate renal dysfunction, but not as urgent as addressing poor oxygenation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Primary healthcare is essential healthcare based on sound methods and technology. This is because primary healthcare aims to provide basic, essential healthcare services to individuals and families using evidence-based practices and appropriate technology. This ensures that the care provided is of high quality and effective in addressing the health needs of the community. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: B: While primary healthcare aims to be accessible to individuals and families in the community, it does not necessarily have to be universally accessible. Access may be limited by factors such as geography, resources, or infrastructure. C: Primary healthcare requires active participation from individuals and families to promote health and prevent illness. It focuses on empowering individuals to take control of their health through education and preventive measures. D: Primary healthcare does aim to bring healthcare closer to where people live and work, but this is not the sole defining characteristic. The proximity of care is important for improving access and convenience, but it is not the only aspect that defines primary

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: a focus on the health of the community. Community-based care emphasizes promoting health and wellness within the community, addressing the specific needs and challenges of the population. This approach involves collaboration with community members, organizations, and resources to improve overall health outcomes. This choice directly aligns with the concept of community-based care, reflecting a comprehensive and holistic approach to healthcare. Summary of other choices: A: While care may be provided within a defined area in community-based care, the focus is not solely on geography but on the community's overall health. B: Community-based care is not limited to mental health but encompasses all aspects of healthcare. D: Population-based care is a broader concept that focuses on health outcomes at the population level, whereas community-based care is more specific to the community's health needs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: American Nurses Association. The ANA first legitimized the nursing process in the 1973 publication "Nursing: A Social Policy Statement." This document outlined the importance of the nursing process as a systematic and scientific approach to providing patient care. The ANA's endorsement of the nursing process set the standard for nursing practice and education. A: The National League for Nursing focuses more on nursing education standards and accreditation. C: The International Council of Nursing is a global organization that promotes nursing on an international level. D: State Boards of Nursing regulate nursing practice at the state level but do not have the authority to legitimize the nursing process on a national scale.