A nurse assesses a client's respiratory status. Which information is of highest priority for the nurse to obtain?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Occupation and hobbies. This is the highest priority information for the nurse to obtain because it can provide crucial insights into potential respiratory risks or exposures (e.g., smoking, exposure to fumes or pollutants). Understanding the client's occupation and hobbies helps the nurse assess the impact on respiratory health and tailor interventions accordingly. A: Average daily fluid intake is important for overall health but not directly related to respiratory status. B: Neck circumference may be relevant for assessing airway patency in certain conditions, but occupation and hobbies are more pertinent. C: Height and weight are important for general health assessment but do not directly impact respiratory status as much as occupation and hobbies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Erythropoietin. When climbing a mountain, the body experiences reduced oxygen levels, triggering the release of erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production and improve oxygen delivery. This helps counteract the effects of high altitude. Explanation of other choices: A: Anti Natriuretic Factor - This hormone regulates sodium and water balance in the body, not directly related to climbing a mountain. B: Adrenaline - Released in response to stress or danger, not specifically related to climbing a mountain. D: Thyroxine - Regulates metabolism and energy levels, not directly related to the physiological response to climbing a mountain.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Non-ciliated Squamous epithelium. The alveolar epithelium in the lungs is composed of thin, flat cells called squamous epithelium. This type of epithelium allows for efficient gas exchange by providing a short diffusion distance. Ciliated epithelium (choice C) and ciliated columnar epithelium (choice D) are not found in the alveoli as they are more suited for moving mucus and debris in the respiratory tract. Ciliated squamous epithelium (choice B) is not a common epithelial type in the alveoli and is not as thin as non-ciliated squamous epithelium, making it less efficient for gas exchange.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial breath sounds are distinguished based on their location over specific areas of the lung. Vesicular sounds are soft and low-pitched and are heard over most of the lung fields, bronchovesicular sounds are intermediate in pitch and are heard over the major bronchi, and bronchial sounds are loud and high-pitched and are heard over the trachea and larynx. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the distinction between these breath sounds is not based on volume, inspiration or expiration, or continuity of the sounds.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: IgA is the correct answer. It is found in breast milk and provides passive immunity to newborns through breastfeeding. Step 2: IgD is mainly found on the surface of B cells and is involved in the activation of B cells. Step 3: IgE is involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections, not typically found in high concentrations in breast milk. Step 4: IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the bloodstream but is not typically concentrated in breast milk like IgA. Summary: IgA is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to provide passive immunity to newborns through breast milk, while the other choices do not serve this function.