A nurse assesses a 3-year-old diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Which finding is most associated with the childs disorder? The child:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) continuously rocks in place for 30 minutes. This behavior is most associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to its characteristic of repetitive and stereotypical movements often seen in children with ASD. Rocking is a form of self-stimulation or stimming commonly observed in individuals with autism as a way to regulate sensory input or manage anxiety. Option A) having occasional toileting accidents is not specific to autism spectrum disorder but can be seen in various developmental stages. Option B) being unable to read children's books is more related to cognitive development or language delays, not specifically indicative of autism spectrum disorder. Option C) crying when separated from a parent is a common behavior in young children and may not be an exclusive sign of autism spectrum disorder. In an educational context, understanding the specific behaviors and characteristics associated with psychobiological disorders like autism spectrum disorder is crucial for healthcare providers to provide appropriate care and support for individuals with these conditions. Recognizing these behaviors early can lead to timely interventions and therapies that can improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals with ASD.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is option D, the 3-year-old who is mute, passive toward adults, and twirls while walking, as this child demonstrates behaviors indicative of a neurodevelopmental disorder. This child's lack of speech, passive behavior, and repetitive movements suggest possible signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or another related neurodevelopmental disorder. Option A, the 4-year-old who stuttered for 3 weeks after the birth of a sibling, is more likely a transient response to a significant life event, such as the birth of a sibling, rather than a persistent neurodevelopmental disorder. Option B, the 9-month-old who does not eat vegetables and likes to be rocked, describes behaviors that are within the range of typical development for an infant and do not specifically point to a neurodevelopmental disorder. Option C, the 3-month-old who cries after feeding until burped and sucks a thumb, is displaying common infant behaviors related to feeding and self-soothing and do not suggest a neurodevelopmental disorder. Educationally, understanding the early signs and symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders is crucial for educators and caregivers to recognize and support children who may require additional assistance or specialized interventions. By being able to differentiate typical behaviors from concerning behaviors, educators can advocate for early intervention and appropriate support services for children with neurodevelopmental disorders, ultimately promoting their overall well-being and academic success.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Some dated terminology contributes to the stigma of mental illness and misconceptions about mental illness. Its important for the nurse to use current terminology. 'Bullying,' 'Autism spectrum disorder,' and 'Intellectual development disorder' are current and appropriate, while 'Mental retardation' is outdated and 'Autism' is less specific than 'Autism spectrum disorder.'

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse should correctly assess the patient's behavior as an idea of reference, which is option B. An idea of reference is a false belief that neutral or unrelated events are somehow related to oneself. In this case, the patient's belief that the two doctors talking in the hall are plotting to kill them is an example of an idea of reference commonly seen in schizophrenia. Option A, echolalia, is the involuntary repetition of another person's words or phrases and is not applicable to the patient's situation. Option C, a delusion of infidelity, involves a false belief that one's romantic partner is unfaithful, which is not present in this case. Option D, an auditory hallucination, refers to hearing voices or sounds that are not actually there, which is also not demonstrated in the patient's behavior. Educationally, understanding the different types of psychotic symptoms seen in psychobiological disorders like schizophrenia is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide appropriate care and support for patients. Recognizing and accurately interpreting these symptoms can lead to better treatment outcomes and improved patient care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of psychobiological disorders, auditory hallucinations are a common symptom seen in conditions like schizophrenia. Option B, which includes "darting eyes, tilted head, mumbling to self," suggests the patient may be experiencing auditory hallucinations. Darting eyes and tilted head could indicate that the patient is hearing things that are not present in their environment, leading to a distracted and disoriented state where they may be responding to the hallucinations by mumbling to themselves. Option A, detachment and overconfidence, does not directly correlate with auditory hallucinations. Detachment could be a symptom of dissociative disorders, while overconfidence might be seen in conditions like bipolar disorder or narcissistic personality disorder. Option C, euphoric mood, hyperactivity, and distractibility, are more indicative of conditions like bipolar disorder or ADHD rather than auditory hallucinations. Option D, foot tapping and repeatedly writing the same phrase, may suggest symptoms related to anxiety or obsessive-compulsive disorder, but do not specifically point towards auditory hallucinations. Educationally, understanding the specific manifestations of symptoms in psychobiological disorders is crucial for accurate assessment and intervention. Recognizing the unique signs of auditory hallucinations can help healthcare professionals provide appropriate care and support for patients experiencing these symptoms.