ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Drugs Classification Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nonselective beta receptor agonist causes all of the following effects EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B (Increase peripheral arterial resistance) Rationale: Nonselective beta receptor agonists stimulate beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. Activation of beta-1 receptors on the heart increases cardiac output (A). Activation of beta-2 receptors in peripheral arteries causes vasodilation, leading to a decrease in peripheral arterial resistance (C). Mean arterial pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral resistance, so decreasing peripheral resistance would not directly lead to a decrease in the mean pressure (D). Therefore, the correct answer is B because nonselective beta receptor agonists do not increase peripheral arterial resistance.
Question 2 of 5
Indicate the barbituric acid derivative which has 4-5 days elimination half-life:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Phenobarbital. Phenobarbital has a longer elimination half-life of 4-5 days due to its extensive hepatic metabolism and slow excretion. Secobarbital (A) has a shorter half-life around 15 hours. Thiopental (B) has a very short half-life of 5-10 hours. Amobarbital (D) has a half-life of around 10-25 hours, making it shorter than phenobarbital. Therefore, based on the pharmacokinetics of these drugs, phenobarbital is the most likely choice with a 4-5 days elimination half-life.
Question 3 of 5
The antiseizure drug, which induces hepatic microsomal enzymes, is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the interactions between drugs and the body is crucial. The correct answer is B) Phenytoin. Phenytoin is known to induce hepatic microsomal enzymes, specifically cytochrome P450 enzymes. This induction can lead to increased metabolism of other drugs, potentially reducing their efficacy. Option A) Lamotrigine does not induce hepatic microsomal enzymes; instead, it is metabolized primarily by glucuronidation in the liver. Option C) Valproate is not known to induce hepatic microsomal enzymes; it works by increasing the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding drug interactions and metabolism in pharmacology. Knowing which drugs induce or inhibit hepatic enzymes can help healthcare professionals make informed decisions when prescribing medications, avoiding potential adverse effects or treatment failures.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following statements is correct for levodopa?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for correct answer D: Levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease has well-documented characteristics. A: Tolerance can develop to both beneficial effects (reduced over time) and adverse effects (increased over time). B: Levodopa is most effective in the initial years of treatment due to progressive loss of response. C: After 5 years, patients may experience dose-related dyskinesias, inadequate response, or toxicity due to disease progression and medication adjustments. Therefore, all statements are accurate and reflect the complexities of long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease.
Question 5 of 5
Indicate the pure opioid antagonist which has a half-life of 10 hours:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Naltrexone. Naltrexone is a pure opioid antagonist with a half-life of 10 hours, making it the most appropriate choice. Naloxone (A) is a short-acting opioid antagonist used for emergency overdose situations. Tramadol (C) is a weak opioid agonist with additional effects on serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. Pentazocine (D) is a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist. Therefore, only Naltrexone fits the criteria of a pure opioid antagonist with a 10-hour half-life.