ATI RN
Nursing Process Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A newly diagnosed patient asks what asthma is. Which of the ff. explanations by the nurse is correct?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because asthma is characterized by inflammation and bronchoconstriction of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing. This explanation accurately describes the pathophysiology of asthma. Explanation for other choices: B: Fluid in the lungs is more indicative of conditions like pneumonia or pulmonary edema, not asthma. C: Asthma involves airway constriction and inflammation, not stretching and non-functionality. D: Asthma is not caused by infection but rather triggered by factors like allergens or irritants.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has allergic rhinitis. In planning care for the patient, the nurse understands that if the patient does not remain compliant with the treatment regimen, the patient is at risk for developing which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sinusitis. Allergic rhinitis causes inflammation in the nasal passages, leading to congestion and blockage of the sinuses. If the patient does not comply with the treatment regimen, the inflammation can worsen, increasing the risk of developing sinusitis, which is an infection or inflammation of the sinuses. Sinusitis can result in severe pain, pressure, and potentially lead to complications. Summary of other choices: B: Lymphadenopathy - Enlargement of lymph nodes, not directly related to non-compliance with treatment for allergic rhinitis. C: Anaphylaxis - Life-threatening allergic reaction, not a typical consequence of non-compliance with treatment for allergic rhinitis. D: Angioedema - Swelling of deeper layers of skin, usually associated with allergies but not a common outcome of non-compliance with treatment for allergic rhinitis.
Question 3 of 5
What is the role of a nurse during scratch test to detect allergies?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Applying the liquid test antigen. During a scratch test to detect allergies, the nurse's role is to apply the liquid test antigen onto the skin to observe the body's reaction. This antigen contains potential allergens that may trigger a response in allergic individuals. By applying this antigen, the nurse can assess if the patient develops a raised wheal or redness at the site, indicating an allergic reaction. This step is crucial in identifying specific allergens causing the patient's symptoms. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as determining the type of allergy, measuring the length and width of the reaction, and documenting the findings are all important steps but do not directly relate to the initial action of applying the test antigen during a scratch test.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the ff precautions must a nurse take while caring for clients with HIV/AIDS to reduce occupational risks?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Transporting specimens of body fluid in leakproof containers reduces the risk of exposure to HIV/AIDS. This precaution ensures that any potentially infectious material is securely contained. Choice B is incorrect as fusion inhibitors are not prescribed for reducing occupational risks. Choice C is incorrect as it does not directly address reducing occupational risks related to HIV/AIDS. Choice D is incorrect as it is essential for a nurse to clean the client's room, but with proper precautions in place to prevent exposure to bodily fluids.
Question 5 of 5
Following a splenectomy, a client has a hemoglobin (Hb) level of 7.5g/dl and has vertigo when getting out of bed. The nurse suspects abnormal orthostatic changes. The vital sign values that would most support the nurse’s analysis are:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Drop in blood pressure and rise in heart rate. After a splenectomy, the client is at risk for orthostatic hypotension due to decreased blood volume. A drop in blood pressure and a compensatory rise in heart rate are common orthostatic changes. This occurs because the body tries to maintain perfusion to vital organs. A rise in blood pressure and heart rate (Choice A) would not align with orthostatic changes. A rise in blood pressure and drop in heart rate (Choice B) is contradictory to the body's compensatory response to maintain perfusion. Therefore, the most supportive vital sign values for abnormal orthostatic changes in this client would be a drop in blood pressure and a rise in heart rate.