A newborn is delivered at 30 weeks gestation and requires respiratory support. Which intervention is most effective in preventing respiratory distress syndrome?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Surfactant replacement therapy is the most effective treatment for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants, reducing alveolar collapse and improving gas exchange. It is often given via endotracheal tube soon after birth.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: ICP above 20 mmHg for more than 5 minutes is considered raised and can cause brain herniation and ischemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis is caused by bicarbonate loss, such as in diarrhea, where excessive bicarbonate is lost through stool, leading to acidosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Biologics target specific immune pathways, such as TNF-alpha or IL-6, to reduce inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Diphasic stridor (occurring during both inspiration and expiration) suggests a more severe upper airway obstruction, commonly seen in severe laryngitis or subglottic stenosis.