A new nurse manager is attempting to solve a management issue by using one solution after another until she solves the problem. This would be known as what type of method?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Trial and error. This method involves attempting different solutions sequentially until the problem is solved. Decision making (A) refers to making choices based on available information. Experimentation (C) involves testing hypotheses through controlled trials. Analysis (D) is the process of examining data and information to understand a situation. In this scenario, the nurse manager is not systematically testing hypotheses (experimentation), analyzing data (analysis), or making informed decisions (decision making), but rather trying different solutions until finding the one that works, which aligns with the trial and error method.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the factors listed - cultural background, organizational structure, and method of communication - can significantly impact successful communication. Cultural background influences language, behavior, and perception. Organizational structure affects the flow of information and decision-making processes. The method of communication, such as verbal, non-verbal, written, or digital, determines how effectively messages are conveyed. By considering and adapting to all these factors, communication can be more successful. The other choices, A, B, and C, are incorrect because each factor individually plays a crucial role in communication effectiveness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Using per diem workers. This option is viable because per diem workers can be brought in to cover shifts without incurring overtime costs. By utilizing per diem workers, the organization can reduce the need for regular staff to work overtime hours, hence decreasing overall overtime expenses. A: Limiting overtime for highly paid workers is not a practical solution as all workers, regardless of pay, may contribute to the need for overtime. B: Reducing the number of beds may lead to reduced capacity and impact patient care, not directly addressing the issue of reducing overtime. D: Refusing to pay overtime is not a sustainable solution as it may lead to legal issues and impact employee morale and productivity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Notify security with the details of the situation. This is the best course of action to ensure the safety of everyone involved. By immediately notifying security, who are trained to handle such situations, you are taking proactive steps to de-escalate the potential threat and protect the well-being of the staff and other visitors. Asking the visitor to leave (choice A) may escalate the situation further. Talking quietly to calm the visitor (choice B) is not appropriate when a gun is involved as it could agitate the individual. Asking the visitor for the gun (choice C) is extremely risky and could lead to a dangerous confrontation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Change union affiliation. Decertification refers to the process of employees voting to remove a union as their bargaining representative. This means changing or ending their current union affiliation. A: Encouraging union affiliation is not related to decertification, as it involves promoting rather than changing union membership. C: Rewarding union affiliation is not accurate for decertification, as it does not involve rewarding but rather changing the affiliation. D: Empowering union affiliation is not the correct choice, as decertification does not enhance but rather changes or removes union representation.