A new nurse is thinking about the ways she can demonstrate leadership in her position. Which of the following is true about leadership?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because leadership is indeed a fundamental component of nursing practice. Nurses, regardless of their experience level or position, can demonstrate leadership through actions like advocating for patients, collaborating with the healthcare team, and being a role model for others. Leadership in nursing is not solely dependent on having an oversight position or the actions of others. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because there are indeed multiple types of health care organizations today, including but not limited to managed care organizations, private entities, non-profit organizations, and government-funded systems. This diversity in health care systems allows for different models and approaches to delivering care, catering to the needs and preferences of various populations. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because not all health care systems are managed care organizations, privately owned, or solely profitable for HMOs. It is essential to understand the complexity and variety in health care systems to provide comprehensive and efficient care to patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hip replacement surgery. Nursing critical pathways are designed for standardized, evidence-based care plans for specific medical conditions or procedures. Hip replacement surgery is a well-defined process with clear guidelines for pre-op, intra-op, and post-op care, making it suitable for a critical pathway. Foreign object in the ear (A) requires immediate intervention but doesn't involve a complex care pathway. Fever of unknown origin (B) requires extensive diagnostic workup, making it less suitable for a standardized pathway. Bacterial infection acquired in a foreign country (D) may have variable presentations and treatment, not fitting a standardized pathway.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: According to Fiedler's Contingency Theory, task-motivated leaders are most effective in highly structured situations. This is because in such environments, the leader can focus on task accomplishment and clearly defined goals without needing to rely heavily on interpersonal relationships. In contrast, in loosely structured situations, task-motivated leaders may struggle as the lack of clear direction and ambiguity can hinder their task-oriented approach. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choices A and B are incorrect as they focus on stress levels, which are not directly related to the effectiveness of task-motivated leaders. Choice D is incorrect because loosely structured situations are not ideal for task-motivated leaders according to Fiedler's theory.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Confirmation. In Roger's diffusion of innovations theory, Confirmation is the stage where individuals evaluate the decision to adopt or reject an innovation after trying it out. In this scenario, the hospital implemented a course of action for shift change, and after a week, it was deemed inappropriate, indicating that the decision reached the Confirmation stage. Summary: - B: Implementation is incorrect as the hospital had already implemented the course of action. - C: Knowledge is incorrect as this stage involves acquiring information about the innovation. - D: Persuasion is incorrect as it focuses on influencing individuals to adopt the innovation, which is not the case in this scenario.