ATI RN
Nervous System Multiple Choice Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
A neurotransmitter liberated by many peripheral nervous system neurons and some central nervous system neurons. It is excitatory at neuromuscular junctions but inhibitory at some other synapses.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter used by PNS motor neurons (excitatory at neuromuscular junctions) and some CNS neurons (can be inhibitory, e.g., in the heart). Neurotransmitter receptors receive signals, satellite cells support PNS neurons, and epinephrine is a hormone.
Question 2 of 5
A space along a myelinated axon between the individual Schwann cells that form the myelin sheath and the neurolemma. Also called a node of Ranvier.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Myelin sheath gaps (nodes of Ranvier) are spaces between Schwann cells on myelinated axons, enabling saltatory conduction. Gray matter is cell bodies, cranial nerves are PNS, and neuropathy is a disorder.
Question 3 of 5
A neuroglial cell that supports neurons and produces a myelin sheath around axons of neurons of the central nervous system.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes in the CNS myelinate axons, supporting signal conduction. ACh is a neurotransmitter, white matter is axons, and action potential is a signal.
Question 4 of 5
The part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary responses, such as those of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates involuntary functions (e.g., heart rate, digestion). Nerve action potential is a signal, astrocytes are glia, and enteric is an ANS subdivision.
Question 5 of 5
An electrical signal that propagates along the membrane of a neuron or muscle fiber; a rapid change in membrane potential that involves a depolarization followed by a repolarization.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An action potential (AP) is the electrical signal (depolarization-repolarization) in neurons or muscles. Nerve and muscle action potentials are specific types, and synaptic potential is graded.