ATI RN
Questions About the Nervous System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A network of billions of neurons and even more neuroglia that is organized into two main divisions: central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves, ganglia, enteric plexuses, and sensory receptors outside the central nervous system).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nervous system comprises the CNS (brain, spinal cord) and PNS (nerves, ganglia, enteric plexuses, receptors), including neurons and neuroglia. White matter is axons, muscle action potential is specific, and cerebral cortex is part of the CNS.
Question 2 of 5
A hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that produces actions similar to those that result from sympathetic stimulation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Norepinephrine (NE), secreted by the adrenal medulla, mimics sympathetic effects (e.g., increased heart rate). ACh is a neurotransmitter, receptors bind signals, and microtubules are structural.
Question 3 of 5
This multilayered lipid and protein covering, formed by Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, around axons of many peripheral and central nervous system neurons.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The myelin sheath, formed by Schwann cells (PNS) and oligodendrocytes (CNS), insulates axons for faster conduction. Nerve is broader, neuroblastoma is a tumor, and neurons are cells.
Question 4 of 5
A neuroglial cell having a star shape that participates in brain development and the metabolism of neurotransmitters, helps form the blood-brain barrier, helps maintain the proper balance of K+ for generation of nerve impulses, and provides a link between neurons and blood vessels.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Astrocytes are star-shaped CNS glia supporting neurotransmitter metabolism, blood-brain barrier, K+ balance, and neuron-vessel links. Neuroblastoma is a tumor, axon terminals are neuron parts, and sympathetic is a system.
Question 5 of 5
One of a variety of molecules within axon terminals that are released into the synaptic cleft in response to a nerve impulse and that change the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A neurotransmitter is released from axon terminals into the synaptic cleft, altering postsynaptic membrane potential. Epinephrine is a hormone, neurology is a field, and sympathetic is a system.