A neonate is diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). What is the first-line management for this condition?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the management of a neonate diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), the first-line treatment is Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). CPAP helps keep the airways open and improves oxygenation by providing a constant pressure during both inspiration and expiration, thereby reducing the work of breathing. Surfactant replacement therapy (Option C) is commonly used in RDS; however, CPAP is typically initiated first before considering surfactant therapy. Surfactant replacement therapy is indicated if the neonate's condition worsens despite CPAP. Mechanical ventilation (Option D) is a more invasive intervention and is usually reserved for cases where CPAP and surfactant therapy have failed to adequately support the neonate's respiratory function. Inhaled nitric oxide (Option A) is used in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension but is not the first-line treatment for RDS. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind choosing CPAP as the first-line management for RDS in neonates is crucial for nurses specializing in pediatric respiratory care. It is essential for nurses to be able to prioritize interventions based on the neonate's condition to provide timely and effective care, optimizing outcomes for these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate treatment for a neonate born at 32 weeks of gestation experiencing apnea is option B) Caffeine therapy. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that can help stimulate the baby's respiratory drive and decrease the risk of apnea in premature infants. Option A) Nasal CPAP is commonly used in premature infants to support their breathing by providing a continuous positive airway pressure. While it is a valuable intervention, in this case, caffeine therapy would be more beneficial in addressing the underlying cause of apnea in premature neonates. Option C) Surfactant administration is primarily used in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome to improve lung compliance by reducing surface tension. It is not the first-line treatment for apnea in a neonate born at 32 weeks without respiratory distress syndrome. Option D) Mechanical ventilation is an invasive intervention that is typically reserved for severe respiratory failure when other non-invasive measures have failed. It is not the initial treatment choice for apnea in a premature neonate without severe respiratory compromise. Educationally, understanding the appropriate management of apnea in premature neonates is crucial for pediatric nurses working in neonatal intensive care units. Knowing when to initiate caffeine therapy can significantly impact the outcomes of these vulnerable patients and reduce complications associated with apnea.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding child development is crucial for providing appropriate care. When selecting toys for toddlers, it is important to consider their age-appropriateness and developmental benefits. For an 18-month-old, the most suitable toy from the options given is finger paints (Option C). Finger painting engages a child's senses, fosters creativity, and supports fine motor skills development. It allows the child to explore textures and colors, promoting cognitive and sensory development. Multiple-piece puzzles (Option A) may be too complex for an 18-month-old as they are still developing their problem-solving skills and hand-eye coordination. Miniature cars (Option B) involve limited interaction and do not offer the same level of sensory exploration and creativity as finger paints. A comic book (Option D) contains small details and concepts that are beyond the understanding of a toddler. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of selecting age-appropriate toys that support a child's development. It emphasizes the role of play in early childhood education and how toys can be used to enhance learning and growth. By understanding the developmental needs of children, nurses can provide holistic care that supports not just their physical health but also their cognitive and emotional well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the developmental stages of children is crucial for providing appropriate care. School-age children, typically between 6 to 12 years old, are in the stage of cognitive development where reading becomes a significant skill they master. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Reading. Reading is a critical skill during the school-age period as it not only enhances their academic performance but also contributes to their overall cognitive development. It allows children to access information, communicate effectively, and develop critical thinking skills. Regarding why the other options are incorrect: A) Collecting: While collecting information is important, it is not specifically tied to the school-age period as a significant developmental skill. B) Ordering: Ordering can be a valuable skill, but it is not as pivotal during the school-age period as reading. D) Sorting: Similar to ordering, sorting is important but does not hold the same level of significance as reading during the school-age period. Educationally, understanding the importance of reading during the school-age period helps nurses and healthcare providers communicate effectively with pediatric patients, provide age-appropriate education, and support their cognitive growth. By recognizing the significance of reading in this developmental stage, healthcare professionals can tailor their care to meet the unique needs of school-age children.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Intraventricular hemorrhage. This is the most common complication of preterm birth due to the fragility of the blood vessels in the developing brain of preterm infants. Intraventricular hemorrhage occurs when these blood vessels rupture, leading to bleeding into the brain's ventricular system. Option A) Hyperbilirubinemia is common in newborns, especially preterm infants, but it is not the most common complication of preterm birth. It is characterized by elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood, leading to jaundice. Option B) Retinopathy of prematurity is a condition that affects the eyes of premature infants due to abnormal blood vessel development in the retina. While it is a significant concern in preterm infants, it is not the most common complication. Option C) Hypothermia can occur in preterm infants due to their inability to regulate body temperature effectively. While it is a common issue, it is not the most prevalent complication in this population. Educationally, understanding the most common complications of preterm birth is essential for pediatric nurses caring for these vulnerable patients. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of intraventricular hemorrhage and implementing appropriate monitoring and interventions can help prevent serious consequences in preterm infants. This knowledge underscores the critical role nurses play in providing quality care to this population.