A neonate has a scaphoid abdomen and severe respiratory distress at birth. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) occurs when abdominal organs herniate into the chest, compressing the lungs. The scaphoid abdomen and respiratory distress are key signs. Intubation and surgical repair are required.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Children with ASD often have rigid adherence to routines rather than absence of them.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hemophilia A is a clotting disorder due to Factor VIII deficiency, leading to prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) while PT, BT, and TT remain normal.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Renal ultrasonography is not directly related to the described congenital anomalies

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In CHF, the liver is typically tender and pulsatile due to venous congestion. A firm, non-tender liver is more indicative of chronic liver disease rather than acute heart failure.