A neighbor tells nurse Maureen he has to have surgery and is reluctant to have any blood product transfusions because of a fear of contracting an infection. He asks the nurse what are his options. The nurse teaches the person that the safest blood product is:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An autologous blood product is the safest option for the neighbor who is reluctant to have blood transfusions due to a fear of contracting an infection. Autologous blood is blood that is donated by the patient themselves prior to surgery. This type of blood product eliminates the risk of transmitting infections from other donors, as the blood comes from the patient's own body. It is considered the safest option for those concerned about infection transmission during blood transfusions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When a company develops a new drug and gives it an official name, this name is the brand name. The brand name is the unique name that the company chooses to market the drug under, often for trademark purposes. It is typically a more catchy and recognizable name compared to the generic name of the drug, which is based on the drug's active ingredients. The brand name is used for marketing and promoting the drug to consumers and healthcare professionals. Examples of brand names include Advil, Tylenol, and Viagra.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The therapeutic range for serum digoxin levels is typically considered to be between 1.0 to 2.5 ng/mL. This range allows for optimal therapeutic effects while minimizing the risk of toxicity. Levels below 1.0 ng/mL may be subtherapeutic, while levels above 2.5 ng/mL may increase the risk of toxicity, leading to adverse effects such as arrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances. Therefore, maintaining the digoxin level within the range of 1.0 to 2.5 ng/mL is crucial for safe and effective therapy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Simple diffusion is a passive transport process that does not require specialized transport proteins or energy expenditure. It involves the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the aid of a protein channel or carrier. In contrast, active transport, facilitated diffusion, and pinocytosis are specialized transports that utilize specific proteins and mechanisms to help move molecules across cell membranes. Active transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient, facilitated diffusion involves the use of specific protein channels or carriers to facilitate movement, and pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis where cells engulf fluid droplets.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to insufficient oxygen in the blood. It is not a typical clinical sign of hemolytic anemia. Hemolytic anemia is characterized by the premature destruction of red blood cells, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, hemoglobinuria (presence of hemoglobin in the urine), jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and sometimes lower back pain due to kidney involvement. Cyanosis is more commonly associated with respiratory or cardiovascular conditions where oxygen levels are affected.