A neighbor tells nurse Maureen he has to have surgery and is reluctant to have any blood product transfusions because of a fear of contracting an infection. He asks the nurse what are his options. The nurse teaches the person that the safest blood product is:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An autologous blood product is the safest option for the neighbor who is reluctant to have blood transfusions due to a fear of contracting an infection. Autologous blood is blood that is donated by the patient themselves prior to surgery. This type of blood product eliminates the risk of transmitting infections from other donors, as the blood comes from the patient's own body. It is considered the safest option for those concerned about infection transmission during blood transfusions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Palliative therapy focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life for patients with serious or life-limiting illnesses, such as advanced cancer. The goal is not to cure the disease but to provide comfort and alleviate suffering. In this case, the patient is receiving opioids around the clock to manage pain and ensure comfort, which is a hallmark of palliative care. Maintenance therapy is used to sustain a patient's condition, supportive therapy addresses specific symptoms, and supplemental therapy provides additional treatment. Therefore, palliative therapy is the most appropriate term for this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The elderly above age 65 years are the largest consumers of blood and blood products due to the higher prevalence of chronic diseases, surgeries, and medical conditions that require transfusions, such as anemia, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. While premature infants and children may require blood products, their overall usage is lower compared to the elderly population. Adults aged 21-64 also use blood products, but the demand is highest among the elderly due to their increased healthcare needs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Simple diffusion is a passive transport process that does not require specialized transport proteins or energy expenditure. It involves the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the aid of a protein channel or carrier. In contrast, active transport, facilitated diffusion, and pinocytosis are specialized transports that utilize specific proteins and mechanisms to help move molecules across cell membranes. Active transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient, facilitated diffusion involves the use of specific protein channels or carriers to facilitate movement, and pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis where cells engulf fluid droplets.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Antihistamines for allergies (e.g., diphenhydramine) target H1 receptors , blocking histamine's effects like itching or sneezing. B1 and B2 receptors (choices B, C) involve adrenergic responses (e.g., heart rate, bronchodilation), unrelated to histamine. C1 isn't a recognized receptor. H1 blockade is the mechanism for allergy relief, making choice A correct, reflecting antihistamines' specific pharmacological action critical for nurses to understand.