A Native-American woman gave birth to a baby girl 12 hours ago. The nurse notes that the woman keeps her baby in the bassinet except for bottle feeding and states that she will wait until she gets home to begin breastfeeding. The nurse recognizes that this behavior is most likely a reflection of what?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Belief that babies should not be fed colostrum. In many Native American cultures, there are traditional beliefs that colostrum, the first milk produced by the mother, should not be given to the baby. This belief stems from cultural practices and may lead to delayed breastfeeding initiation. Option A) Delayed attachment could be a plausible choice, but in this scenario, the behavior is more likely tied to cultural beliefs rather than attachment issues. Option B) Embarrassment and Option C) Disappointment in the sex of the baby are not directly related to the cultural practice of delaying colostrum feeding. In an educational context, understanding cultural beliefs and practices is crucial for healthcare providers working with diverse populations. It is important to approach each situation with cultural competence, respect, and sensitivity to provide effective care and support for mothers and infants from different cultural backgrounds. Health professionals should be aware of these cultural nuances to provide appropriate education and support for maternal and infant health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Colorectal cancer usually results from one or more predisposing genes and is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Although tobacco smoke is a known causative factor for lung cancer, an acquired mutation of an oncogene may also be present. Liver cancer is not being investigated in this regarOral cancer may be caused by an inherited mutation of one or more oncogenes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Although more than 1000 genetic tests are available, the single most cost-effective piece of genetic information is the family history. Nurses are ideally suited to take the lead in ongoing efforts to recognize the significance of the family history as an important source of genetic information. A computerized tool called My Family Health Portrait is available free of charge (https://familyhistory.hhs.gov/fhh-web/home.action). Other tools designed to help the lay community in completing their family histories are available to the public.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Each pregnancy is an independent event. The risk factor (e.g., one-in-two, one-in-four) remains the same for each child, no matter how many children are born to the family. In a dominant disorder, the likelihood of recurrence in subsequent children is 50% (i.e., one-in-two). An autosomal recessive disease carries a one-in-four chance of recurrence. In disorders involving maternal ingestion of drugs, subsequent children would be at risk only if the mother continued to take the drugs; the rate of risk would be difficult to calculate.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of maternal health issues in the US, understanding the causes of individual irregularities in the ovarian (menstrual) cycle is crucial. Option A, variations in the follicular (preovulatory) phase, is the correct answer. This phase is characterized by the development of the ovarian follicles, which house the eggs. Any irregularities in this phase can directly impact ovulation and subsequently the menstrual cycle. Option B, intact hypothalamic-pituitary feedback mechanism, is incorrect because disruptions in this feedback loop can affect hormone levels but are not the primary cause of individual irregularities in the ovarian cycle. Option C, functioning corpus luteum, is incorrect because the corpus luteum forms after ovulation and is responsible for producing progesterone to support pregnancy if it occurs, but its functioning does not directly cause irregularities in the menstrual cycle. Option D, prolonged ischemic phase, is incorrect as ischemia, which refers to inadequate blood supply, is not a common cause of individual irregularities in the ovarian cycle. Educationally, understanding the menstrual cycle and the key phases is essential for grasping the causes of irregularities and their implications for maternal health. Variations in the follicular phase can lead to menstrual irregularities, highlighting the importance of a balanced hormonal environment for reproductive health.