ATI RN
Principles of Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
A Native American patient is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is prescribed the antidiabetic drug metformin 500 mg by mouth with morning and evening meals. Which statement best indicates to the nurse that the patient will adhere to the therapeutic regimen?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it demonstrates understanding of the importance of dietary modifications in managing diabetes. By stating "I will no longer put sugar on my cereal because that will help me be healthier," the patient shows a willingness to make lifestyle changes to improve their health. This indicates a commitment to adhering to the prescribed treatment plan. Choice B is incorrect because it suggests the patient expects immediate relief and may stop taking the medication prematurely. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses on fear-based motivation rather than understanding the benefits of medication adherence. Choice D is incorrect as it reflects a fatalistic attitude that may hinder the patient's engagement in self-care.
Question 2 of 5
What class of drug is clopidogrel?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clopidogrel is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, specifically an antiplatelet agent. It works by inhibiting the activation of platelets, preventing blood clot formation. This is important in conditions like heart attacks and strokes. A: Low-molecular-weight heparin is an anticoagulant, not an antiplatelet agent. B: Vitamin K antagonists like warfarin are anticoagulants, not antiplatelet agents. C: Direct thrombin inhibitors like dabigatran are anticoagulants, not antiplatelet agents. In summary, the correct answer is D because clopidogrel is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, which distinguishes it from the other choices that are anticoagulants.
Question 3 of 5
Labeling of herbal products is important. Which is an appropriate claim for an herbal product?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Helps increase blood flow to the extremities. This claim is appropriate because herbal products can indeed have vasodilatory effects that promote better blood circulation, potentially benefiting extremities. Choices A, C, and D make absolute claims that cannot be substantiated or guaranteed, making them inappropriate for labeling herbal products. Choice A oversimplifies the potential benefits and risks associated with diabetes prevention. Choice C falsely claims a cure for a complex and incurable condition like Alzheimer's disease. Choice D wrongly generalizes the safety of herbal products, as individual reactions can vary.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse caring for a child with developmental delay prepares to teach the patient about prescribed drugs. Which actions are essential to ensure patient safety? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess the child’s developmental age. It is important to consider the child's developmental age to tailor the teaching approach to their level of understanding and communication abilities. This ensures that the child comprehends the information provided and can follow medication instructions. Assessing for side effects experienced by adults (B) may not be relevant as children may have different reactions. Considering the actions and uses of the drug (C) is important but not specific to ensuring patient safety. Focusing on the child’s chronological age (D) may not account for their developmental delays and specific needs.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is reviewing a patient’s list of drugs. The nurse understands that the older adult’s slower absorption of oral drugs is primarily because of which phenomenon?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased gastric blood flow. In older adults, there is a decrease in gastric blood flow, which results in reduced absorption of oral drugs. This is due to age-related changes in the gastrointestinal system, leading to a decrease in blood flow to the stomach. This slowed blood flow affects the delivery of drugs to the site of absorption, resulting in slower absorption rates. Incorrect choices: A: Decreased cardiac output - While decreased cardiac output can affect overall drug distribution in the body, it does not directly impact the absorption of oral drugs in the stomach. B: Increased gastric emptying time - This would result in faster absorption, not slower absorption. D: Increased gastric acid secretion - While excessive gastric acid secretion can affect drug absorption, it does not explain the slower absorption in older adults.