A(n) ___________ is the removal of a sample of tissue for diagnosis

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Biopsy. A biopsy involves the removal of a sample of tissue for diagnostic purposes. It is commonly used to detect cancer or other diseases. Arthroscopy (B) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure to visualize, diagnose, and treat problems inside a joint. Telemetry (C) is the automatic measurement and transmission of data from remote sources. Bronchoscopy (D) is a procedure to examine the airways in the lungs. Only biopsy directly involves the removal of tissue for diagnosis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the dying person's right to be free from pain is a fundamental aspect of palliative care. Providing pain medication when needed is essential to ensure comfort and dignity at the end of life. Choice B is incorrect as ignoring a request for pain pills goes against the person's right to pain relief. Choice C is incorrect as advising against pain medication disregards the person's autonomy and right to comfort. Choice D is incorrect as telling the person they are asking for pain medication too often is dismissive of their legitimate need for pain relief.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ascertain that the surgical site has been correctly marked. This is important to ensure that the surgery is performed on the correct site, preventing errors. Placing the patient in a clean gown (A) is important for infection prevention, but not as crucial as verifying the surgical site. Asking the patient to remove hairpins and cosmetics (B) is important for safety during surgery, but not as critical as ensuring the correct site. Determining the family's location (D) is not as important for the patient's preparation as confirming the surgical site.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient presenting with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is at high risk of progressing into ventricular fibrillation, a life-threatening rhythm requiring immediate unsynchronized shock. In contrast, choices A, B, and C involve stable rhythms or atrial arrhythmias that do not require immediate unsynchronized shock. Choice A describes monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, which can be managed with synchronized cardioversion. Choice B and C describe unstable atrial fibrillation and flutter, respectively, which can be treated with medications or synchronized cardioversion. Therefore, the patient with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is the only one among the options who requires an unsynchronized shock due to the high risk of deterioration into a more dangerous rhythm.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Distributive shock involves abnormal distribution of blood flow, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion. Anaphylactic shock is a type of distributive shock where severe allergic reaction causes widespread vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in hypotension and tissue hypoperfusion. This choice is correct as it fits the definition of distributive shock. Hypovolemic shock (A) is due to loss of blood volume, not abnormal distribution. Cardiogenic shock (B) is caused by heart failure leading to inadequate cardiac output, not abnormal distribution. Toxic shock syndrome (D) is an overwhelming systemic response to toxins, not primarily characterized by abnormal distribution of blood flow.