A mother tells the nurse that she does not want her infant immunized because of the discomfort associated with injections. Which would the nurse explain?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) A topical anesthetic, EMLA, can be applied before injections are given. This option is correct because it addresses the mother's concern about the discomfort associated with injections in her infant. By using a topical anesthetic like EMLA before administering immunizations, the nurse can help minimize the pain and discomfort for the infant, making the experience less distressing for both the child and the parent. Option A) Infants do not feel pain as adults do is incorrect because infants do experience pain, although their expression of pain may be different from that of adults. It is important to acknowledge and address their pain during medical procedures. Option B) This cannot be prevented is incorrect because there are strategies, such as using topical anesthetics, that can help reduce the discomfort associated with injections for infants. Option D) This is not a good reason for refusing immunizations is incorrect because while the mother's concern about discomfort is valid, it should not be the sole reason for refusing important immunizations that protect the infant from serious diseases. It is important for the nurse to address the mother's concerns while emphasizing the benefits of immunizations for the child's health and well-being in the long run. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand and address parental concerns regarding their child's healthcare, including immunizations. By providing education and support, nurses can help parents make informed decisions that are in the best interest of their child's health. Using strategies like topical anesthetics can also help improve the overall experience of medical procedures for infants and their families.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the rationale behind infection control practices, especially when dealing with infectious conditions like herpetic gingivostomatitis. Wearing gloves when examining lesions in a child with this condition is necessary because the herpes simplex virus can easily enter the body through breaks in the skin, providing a barrier to prevent transmission to the nurse or from the nurse to the child. Option A is incorrect because herpetic gingivostomatitis is not sexually transmitted; it is typically spread through oral secretions. Option C is incorrect as wearing gloves is necessary regardless of whether the nurse touches their own mouth or not to prevent cross-contamination. Option D is also incorrect as the herpes simplex virus is highly contagious, especially through direct contact with infected lesions. From an educational perspective, understanding the rationale behind using appropriate personal protective equipment like gloves in pediatric nursing not only ensures the safety of healthcare providers but also prevents the spread of infectious diseases among vulnerable populations. This question highlights the importance of infection control practices and their application in pediatric respiratory nursing to provide safe and effective care to children with communicable diseases.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C) Provide peer experiences, such as scouting, when older. Facilitating socialization for cognitively impaired children is crucial for their development. Peer experiences allow these children to interact with others, learn social cues, and develop communication skills. Scouting and similar activities provide structured environments where they can engage with peers in a supportive setting, fostering social growth and a sense of belonging. Option A is incorrect because while physical skills may be delayed in some cognitively impaired children, socialization and communication skills are equally important and should not be neglected. Option B is incorrect because avoiding exposure to strangers hinders the child's opportunities for social learning and integration into society. It is essential for children, including those with cognitive impairments, to interact with various individuals to develop social skills. Option D is incorrect as providing age-appropriate toys and play activities is important for overall development but may not specifically target socialization skills. While play is beneficial, structured peer interactions offer a more intentional and effective approach to improving socialization skills in cognitively impaired children. In an educational context, understanding the importance of socialization for cognitively impaired children is key for healthcare providers, caregivers, and educators. Encouraging and facilitating peer experiences, such as scouting, can significantly enhance these children's quality of life and long-term outcomes by promoting social skills, self-confidence, and independence.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate action is option C: Give the vaccinations as scheduled. The rationale behind this is that exposure to someone with the flu does not contraindicate routine vaccinations. Vaccinations are crucial for preventing serious infectious diseases in infants, and delaying them could leave the infant vulnerable to preventable illnesses. Option A is incorrect because withholding only one vaccination based on flu exposure is not necessary. Option B is also incorrect as withholding all vaccinations is not recommended unless there is a specific contraindication. Option D is incorrect as there is no need to prioritize the flu vaccination over other routine vaccinations in this situation. From an educational standpoint, it is essential for nurses to understand the importance of vaccination schedules and to follow evidence-based practices. Educating parents about the benefits and safety of vaccinations, even in the presence of minor illnesses or exposures, is crucial to promoting public health and protecting vulnerable populations like infants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In caring for a child with sickle cell anemia, the finding that would require immediate intervention is decreased urine output (Option B). This is indicative of vaso-occlusive crisis, a common complication in sickle cell disease where sickled red blood cells block blood flow, leading to tissue ischemia and organ damage. In this scenario, decreased urine output suggests potential renal compromise, which requires prompt assessment and intervention to prevent further complications like acute kidney injury. Option A, a temperature of 101°F (38.3°C), while indicating a low-grade fever, may be common in sickle cell patients due to infections, pain crises, or other stressors. It would warrant monitoring and further assessment but may not necessitate immediate intervention unless other concerning symptoms are present. Leg pain and tenderness (Option C) are typical manifestations of vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease and would need evaluation and pain management, but they do not indicate an immediate life-threatening situation requiring urgent intervention. Slight pallor (Option D) is a common finding in anemia, including sickle cell anemia, and does not typically warrant immediate intervention unless it is severe and accompanied by other critical symptoms like tachycardia or hypotension. Educationally, understanding the specific complications and manifestations of sickle cell anemia is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with this condition. Recognizing the signs of vaso-occlusive crises and knowing when to intervene promptly can help prevent serious complications and improve outcomes for these vulnerable patients. Regular assessments and prompt response to changes in condition are essential in managing sickle cell disease effectively.