ATI RN
Psychotropic Medication Quiz Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A mother of a 1-month-old infant asks the nurse why it takes so long for infants to learn to roll over. The nurse knows that the reason for this is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Myelin is needed to conduct the impulses, and the neurons of a newborn are not yet myelinated. Myelin is a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers, allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of nerve impulses. In newborns, the process of myelination is incomplete, which means that the nerve impulses responsible for coordinating the complex movement required for rolling over are slower and less efficient. This delay in myelination is a normal part of infant development and accounts for the time it takes for infants to learn to roll over. Choice A is incorrect because demyelination refers to the loss of myelin, which is not the case in infants. Choice C is incorrect because while the cerebral cortex plays a role in motor function, the lack of myelination in newborns is the primary reason for the delay in rolling over. Choice D is incorrect because the cerebellum is not solely responsible for the movement, and the lack of myelination
Question 2 of 5
The nurse places a key in the hand of a patient and he identifies it as a penny. What term would the nurse use to describe this finding?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Astereognosis. Astereognosis is the inability to recognize objects by touch alone. In this scenario, the patient is unable to correctly identify the key as a key, mistaking it for a penny. This indicates a deficit in tactile object recognition, which is characteristic of astereognosis. A: Extinction refers to the inability to perceive a stimulus on one side when a similar stimulus is presented on the other side simultaneously. This does not apply to the scenario described. C: Graphesthesia is the ability to recognize numbers or letters traced on the skin without visual input. This is not relevant to the patient's inability to identify the key by touch. D: Tactile discrimination involves the ability to differentiate between different textures or shapes using touch. This is not the issue presented in the scenario.
Question 3 of 5
To test for gross motor skill and coordination of a 6-year-old child, which of these techniques would be appropriate? Ask the child to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hop on one foot. This task assesses balance, coordination, and gross motor skills in a 6-year-old child. Hopping on one foot requires a combination of strength, balance, and coordination, making it an appropriate test for gross motor skills. Standing on the head (B) is not developmentally appropriate and poses a risk of injury. Touching finger to nose (C) tests fine motor skills, not gross motor skills. Making 'funny' faces (D) does not assess motor skills or coordination.
Question 4 of 5
A 78-year-old man has a history of a cerebrovascular accident. The nurse notes that when he walks, his left arm is immobile against the body with flexion of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers and adduction of the shoulder. His left leg is stiff and extended and circumducts with each step. What type of gait disturbance is this individual experiencing?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Spastic hemiparesis. This individual is displaying classic signs of spastic hemiparesis, a type of gait disturbance commonly seen after a cerebrovascular accident. The immobile left arm with flexion and adduction, along with the stiff and extended left leg that circumducts, are indicative of upper motor neuron damage affecting the corticospinal tract. This results in increased muscle tone, exaggerated deep tendon reflexes, and weakness on one side of the body. Scissors gait (choice A) is characterized by legs crossing over each other during walking and is typically seen in spastic diplegia. Cerebellar ataxia (choice B) presents with uncoordinated movements, wide-based staggering gait, and intention tremors, which are not present in this case. Parkinsonian gait (choice C) is characterized by shuffling steps, decreased arm swing, and festination, which do not match the symptoms described
Question 5 of 5
A man who was found wandering in a park at 2 AM has been brought to the emergency department for an examination; he said he fell and hit his head. During the examination, the nurse asks him to use his index finger to touch the nurse's finger, then his own nose, then the nurse's finger again (which has been moved to a different location). The patient is clumsy, unable to follow the instructions, and overshoots the mark, missing the finger. The nurse should suspect which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Acute alcohol intoxication. The patient's inability to follow the finger-to-nose test and clumsiness are classic signs of cerebellar dysfunction, which is commonly seen in individuals under the influence of alcohol. Alcohol affects the cerebellum, leading to impaired coordination and balance. This is confirmed by the patient overshooting the mark and missing the target. The other choices (A, B, D) are less likely as they do not explain the patient's specific presentation and symptoms, which are indicative of acute alcohol intoxication.