A mother is breastfeeding her newborn son and is experiencing signs of her breasts feeling tender and full in between infant feedings. She asks if there are any suggestions that you can provide to help alleviate this physical complaint. The ideal nursing response would be to

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Breast tenderness and fullness between feedings indicate engorgement, a common issue in breastfeeding mothers. Step 2: Putting the infant to the breast more frequently helps empty the breast and prevents engorgement. Step 3: Regular feeding stimulates milk production and prevents discomfort. Step 4: This approach is effective in addressing the underlying issue of engorgement. Summary: A: Wearing a bra at all times may not address the root cause of engorgement. C: Ice packs can provide temporary relief but do not prevent engorgement. D: Normalizing the issue without providing a solution does not address the discomfort.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C because the Apgar assessment and score specifically evaluate how well the newborn is transitioning to the outside world after birth. The Apgar score assesses the newborn's heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color. These parameters provide crucial information about the baby's initial adaptation to life outside the womb. Option A is incorrect because it oversimplifies the assessment by focusing only on neurological and physical aspects. Option B is incorrect because the Apgar score is not intended to predict long-term morbidity and mortality. Option D is incorrect as it does not encompass the full scope of the Apgar assessment, which is primarily concerned with the immediate transition of the newborn to extrauterine life.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because transient tachypnea of the neonate is primarily caused by the failure to clear lung fluid by the usual mechanism. During birth, the baby may not expel the lung fluid properly, leading to respiratory distress. This results in rapid breathing (tachypnea) due to the retained fluid in the lungs. The other choices are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the pathophysiology of transient tachypnea. Choice B involves the heart (patent ductus arteriosus), choice C relates to insufficient surfactant production seen in respiratory distress syndrome, and choice D mentions meconium aspiration syndrome, which is a different condition caused by the aspiration of meconium into the lungs, not related to the failure to clear lung fluid.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: ductus arteriosus. During fetal circulation, the ductus arteriosus allows blood to bypass the lungs by connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta. This shunt is crucial for directing blood from the right side of the heart to the systemic circulation. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The ductus venosus shunts blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver. B: The foramen ovale allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the lungs. D: There is no structure known as foramen venosus in fetal circulation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: evaporation. Skin-to-skin contact reduces evaporative heat loss by preventing the newborn's skin from losing heat through evaporation of amniotic fluid. This is effective in helping the baby maintain a stable body temperature. Radiation (A), convection (B), and conduction (C) are other types of heat loss that are not specifically addressed by skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth.